알코올 투여에 의한 뇌세포 사멸과 이에 대한 천연자생물질의 보호효과
Studies on signal transduction mechanism of alcohol-induced neuronal cell death and protective effect
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: 알코올은 학습, 기억, 인지 기능 및 사고, 판단을 관장하고 있는 뇌의 신경계 이상을 유발시켜 다양한 장 애와 질병을 초래한다고 알려져 있다. 다양한 기관이나 세포 형태에서 알코올의 독성에 대해서는 보고 된 바 있으 나, 신경세포에 대한 자세한 기작이나 영향에 대해서는 현재까지 명확히 규명된 바가 없다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사람의 콜린성 신경모세포종인 SK-N-SH에서 알코올에 의한 신경세포사멸의 여부 및 세포사멸기전을 밝히고자 하였으며, 여러 가지 세포 종류에서 항산화 효과 등의 생물학적 보호활성을 나타내는 것으로 알려져 있는 천연자 생물질인 baicalein과 gramineus를 이용하여, 알코올 독성에 대한 보호효과 여부를 확인하였다. 알코올 및 두 baicalein과 gramineus등을 처리한 후 세포생존율 변화를 조사하였고, 세포사멸기전을 세포사멸조절자인 p53의 발 현 변화와 사립체의 막전위차 변화를 관찰하였다. 그 결과 알코올은 세포자멸사(apoptosis) 양상의 신경세포사멸을 유발하고, p53 발현을 증가시켰으며, 사립체의 막전위차가 붕괴되었다. p53을 저해한 경우 알코올에 의한 신경세포 사멸이 저해되었고, 사립체의 막전위차가 유지됨을 확인할 수 있었는데, 이는 p53이 알코올에 의한 신경세포사멸 과정을 매개하고 더불어 사립체의 막전위차를 조절하고 있음을 시사하는 결과이다. 또한 자생식물의 보호효과기 전을 규명하고자 baicalein과 gramineus를 전 처리 한 후 알코올에 의한 영향을 확인한 결과, baicalein에 의해서 p53 발현 증가가 의미 있게 감소하였고, 사립체의 막전위차가 유지되었으며, 알코올에 의해 증가한 caspase 활성을 저해시킴으로서, 궁극적으로 세포생존율을 증가시켰다. 반면 gramineus는 어떠한 보호효과도 나타내지 못하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 baicalein이 알코올에 의해 증가된 p53의 발현을 효과적으로 감소시키고, 사립체의 기능을 보호 하며, caspase 활성을 저해함으로써 신경세포의 보호효과를 나타낼 수 있음을 제시해주는 것이라 하겠다.
Abstract
Excessive use of alcohol is a serious problem in our society and induces various, severe alcohol related diseases. The cytotoxicities of ethanol are still largely unknown. We studied the molecular mechanisms of EtOH-induced SK-NSH neuronal cell death and protective effects of baicalein and gramineus against EtOH-induced cytotoxicities.In our results, the cell death by EtOH showed morphologic features of apoptosis like as membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation and fragmentation. Furthermore, pretreated baicalein attenuated EtOH-induced neuronal cell death effectively. EtOH increased expression levels of p53 and both p53 antisense oligonucleotide and Pifithrin protected the cell death against EtOH. Also, EtOH induced mitochondrial event, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) and caspase cascade as a downstream of mitochondria. Interestingly, baicalein decreased expression levels of p53 and inhibited collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. These results suggest that baicalein reduces mitochondrial dysfunction induced by EtOH through down-regulation of p53 expression levels. Also, baicalein attenuated activation of caspase, which was triggered by mitochondrial malfunction. But gramineus didn’t have any protective effect. These results imply that baicalein significantly protects EtOH-induced neuronal cell death through regulating p53, mitochondrial dysfunction and caspase activation.
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