삼국시대 경산 임당유적 출토 사람뼈 집단의 치아 병리 양상
Dental Pathologies in the Three Kingdoms Period Population from Imdang Site, Gyeongsan, Korea
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초록
치아의 병리적 지표는 과거 집단의 구강상태를 평가 가능하게 하고 이를 통해 식료의 섭취 양상과 식이 습관을 복원하는 데 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 지금까지 치아의 병리적 지표들을 통해 개체의 성, 연령, 지위에 따른 유병률의 차이와 식료 섭취, 식이 습관의 변화에 대한 공시적, 통시적 관점의 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 이 연구에서는 충치와 생전 치아 결실, 농양을 치아 병리 지표로 선택하여, 삼국시대 경산 임당유적에서 출토된 사람뼈 집단의 치아건강 수준을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구는 영남대학교 박물관에서 소장하고 있는 경산 임당유적 출토 사람뼈 138개체를 대상으로 하였다. 충치는 치아에 생긴 구멍(cavity)이 덴틴(dentine)까지 침범했을 때를 기준으로 그 발생유무를 분석하였으며 농양과 생전 치아결실은 위, 아래의 이틀뼈가 50% 이상 잔존하는 개체에 한해 이틀뼈에서 나타나는 과골화 현상을 기준으로 그 발생유무를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 임당집단의 충치 유병률은 5.79%로 확인되었으며 여기에서 남성은 4.89%, 여성은 6.15%의 유병률을보였다. 농양의 유병률은 0.7%로 확인되었으며 여기에서 남성은 1.01%, 여성은 0.48%의 유병률을 보였다. 생전 치아 결실의 유병률은 7.69%로 확인되었다. 여기에서 남성의 유병률은 10.81%, 여성은 3.8%였고 성 추정 불가 범주는6.11%로 나타났다. 임당집단의 치아 병리 지표의 유병률은 비슷한 시기의 고고학 유적에서 출토된 사람뼈 집단에 비해 비교적 낮은수준이었으며 이를 통해 당시 집단의 치아 상태가 대체로 양호하였다고 평가된다. 그러나 이 연구에서는 일부의 치아 병리 지표만을 분석하였기 때문에 향후 마모도와 치주질환을 비롯한 보다 다양한 지표들을 추가로 분석하여 임당집단의 치아 상태를 보다 명확히 파악해야 할 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
Dental pathology has the potential to provide insight into the interpretation of the health and life style of past population. In particular, dental pathologies are strongly correlated to subsistence pattern, diet habits and food-preparation techniques. For this reason, my studies have focused on analyses of dental diseases (e.g., caries, abscesses, ante-mortem tooth loss, enamel hypoplasia, dental attrition, and periodontal diseases). The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of dental pathologies of the Imdang population dating to between A.D. 3rd and A.D. 7th centuries (Three Kingdoms Period). In this study, through a macroscopic observation of dental remains from 138 individuals of the Imdang site, the prevalence of caries, abscess and ante-mortem tooth loss was examined. The association between sex, age and the frequencies of pathology was analyzed by the Chi-square tests. The results showed that the frequency of dental pathologies was consistently low level in Imdang population. Caries prevalence in the Imdang population was higher in females (6.15%) that in males (4.89). Among dental pathologies, abscess prevalence (0.7%) was lowest in Imdang population. Meanwhile, AMTL prevalence was 10.81% in males and 3.8% in females. There is a statistically significant difference between the anterior teeth of males and females (p<0.05). This study revealed that the rate of dental caries, abscess and AMTL in the Three Kingdoms Period population was relatively low level. This study is the first report of the patterns of dental pathologies in the Three Kingdoms Period population. It is necessary to investigate more number of pathologic markers that needed for deeper understanding of the multi-faceted nature of dental pathologies of ancient populations.
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