A Proposal for a New Interpretation of Zechariah 9:9
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나귀를 타고 예루살렘으로 입성하는 예수님에 대한 기록은 예수님의 중요한 속성으로서의 “겸손”을 이해하는데 있어서 보편적으로 스가랴 9:9과 연관되어 이해된다. 이 사건은 복음서에서 마가복음과 누가복음의 기록에는 언급만 되는 반면, 마태복음과 요한복음은 스가랴 9:9의 본문과 매우 유사하게 묘사하고 있다. 스가랴 9:9에서 왕의 속성은 왕이 예루살렘에 들어 갈 때 사용된 ynI[' 라는 단어와 나귀를 타는 행위와 밀접하게 연관된다. 히브리어 단어 ynI[' (9:9b)는 LXX에서 prau>j로 번역되었으며, 복음서 중에서 오직 마태복음 본문에서만 prau>j 라는 용어로 반영된다 (마 21:5). 스가랴 9:9의 해석 문제는 다음 세 가지 요점에 초점을 맞추고 있다: (1) [v'Anw> qyDIc; (9:9aβ)라는 문구의 의미; (2) ynI[' (9:9b)라는 단어의 번역; (3) “당나귀를 타는” (rAmx] l[; bkerow>) (9:9b) 행위의 의미. 이 논문의 주요 논제는 “겸손”이라는 용어가 스가랴 9:9의 맥락에서 왕을 특징짓는 적절한 단어인지의 여부이다. 우리는 선택된 구절에서 단어와 문장에 대한 텍스트 문법 분석을 행 할 것이다. 마태복음 21장 5절은 스가랴 9:9 배경으로 하고 있으며, 이는 예수님의 예루살렘 입성 사건에 대한 마태복음의 묘사에 영향을 미치고 있는 것이 분명하다. 이 논문에서 우리는 겸손과 ynI['라는 단어의 연관성이 LXX의 “오해” 또는 히브리어 단어 ynI['를 prau>j로 읽는 의도적인 왜곡에서 비롯된 것일 수 있음을 보여주었다. 우리는 스가랴 9:9 문맥 하에서 “겸손”이 왕의 속성이 아니라고 주장한다. 예수님의 “겸손”의 속성은 스가랴 9:9에서 비롯된 것이다. 그럼에도 불구하고 스가랴 9:9이 어떻든 간에 예수님의 겸손의 속성에 대한 신학에 영향을 미쳤음을 부인할 수 없다. 다른 세 복음서들과는 다르게, 오직 마태복음만 LXX을 따르며 히브리어 단어 ynI['를 prau>j로 읽는다.
Abstract
Zechariah 9:9 is commonly read as a messianic prophecy, which was fulfilled by the entrance of Jesus riding on the donkey to Jerusalem before his crucifixion. This event is recorded in all four Gospels. Yet Zechariah 9:9 is only alluded in the presentations by Mark and Luke, while Matthew and John describe the event closely resembling the text of Zechariah 9:9. “Humility” as an important attribute of Jesus is traditionally associated with Jesus’ riding on the donkey, as reported in the afore mentioned Gospel event, which in turn is in view with the event of Zechariah 9:9. The king’s entering Jerusalem is characterized with the word ynI[' (9:9b) and the act of riding on the donkey (Zech 9:9; Matt 21:5). The word ynI[' (9:9b) is translated to prau>j in the LXX and is reflected only in the Gospel Matthew with the term prau>j in the text (Matt 21:5). But its meaning is not reflected in the Gospel John. The issue of interpretation of Zechariah 9:9 is focused on the following three points: (1) the meanings of the phrase [v'Anw> yDIc; (9:9aβ); (2) the translation of the word ynI[' (9:9b); (3) the significance of the act of “riding on the donkey,” rAmx] l[; bkerow> (9:9b). The main thesis of this paper is whether the term “humility” is a proper word to characterize the king in the context of Zechariah 9:9. We conduct a text-grammatical analysis of the selected passages in their context. In Matthew 21:5, Zechariah 9:9 is surely in view in Matthew’s description of the event. In our study, we show that the association of humility with the word ynI[' was originated from the LXX’s “misunderstanding” or intentional twist to read the Hebrew word ynI[' as prau>j “humble.” We argue that humility is not the attribute of the king in Zechariah 9:9, thus Jesus’ attribute of “humility” is not stemming from Zechariah 9:9 and Matthew 21:5. Yet we think this anyhow, wrongly or rightly, has affected the whole theology of Jesus’ attribute of humility.
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