The Diffusion of Social Policy Theory - A Case Study of Korea’s Productive Welfare -
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Welfare theory has been dominated by Eurocentric approaches in which the experiences of the Western industrial countries form the basis for theoretical endeavor. As a result, many of studies in the non-Western regions of the world have either been preoccupied with seeking a unique regime type influenced by Western typologies, or have employed the same major endogenous factors on the development of state welfare as those that are used to explain Western industrial countries. A related problem is that the role of exogenous factors, such as exchange or transmission of ideas, has too often been neglected in explaining the origins and dynamics of welfare in non-Western countries. In this regard, this study seeks to address the issue by discussing the way ideas originating in other countries have influenced the emergence of social welfare policies and programs in Korea. It pays particular attention to the policy formulation by the previous Korean government of what is known as productive welfare. Productive welfare was seen as providing a new and appropriate normative basis for social welfare in the country, expressing the Kim Dae Jung administration (1998-2003)’s thinking on social welfare policies and programs. As articulated by the President and his advisors, the concept of productive welfare influenced the reconstruction of Korea’s state welfare system. However, this study shows that the productive welfare idea drew on various Western ideas as well as indigenous normative thoughts. It examines the role of diffusion in shaping Korea’s productive welfare, with regard to its connections to normative theories and ideas of productivist social welfare emanating from other countries. The study concludes that productive welfare is a hybrid normative welfare theory, by suggesting that the process of policy development is a complicated one and that it is influenced by a range of theoretical ideas arising from both internal domestic and wider international debates.
Abstract
Welfare theory has been dominated by Eurocentric approaches in which the experiences of the Western industrial countries form the basis for theoretical endeavor. As a result, many of studies in the non-Western regions of the world have either been preoccupied with seeking a unique regime type influenced by Western typologies, or have employed the same major endogenous factors on the development of state welfare as those that are used to explain Western industrial countries. A related problem is that the role of exogenous factors, such as exchange or transmission of ideas, has too often been neglected in explaining the origins and dynamics of welfare in non-Western countries. In this regard, this study seeks to address the issue by discussing the way ideas originating in other countries have influenced the emergence of social welfare policies and programs in Korea. It pays particular attention to the policy formulation by the previous Korean government of what is known as productive welfare. Productive welfare was seen as providing a new and appropriate normative basis for social welfare in the country, expressing the Kim Dae Jung administration (1998-2003)’s thinking on social welfare policies and programs. As articulated by the President and his advisors, the concept of productive welfare influenced the reconstruction of Korea’s state welfare system. However, this study shows that the productive welfare idea drew on various Western ideas as well as indigenous normative thoughts. It examines the role of diffusion in shaping Korea’s productive welfare, with regard to its connections to normative theories and ideas of productivist social welfare emanating from other countries. The study concludes that productive welfare is a hybrid normative welfare theory, by suggesting that the process of policy development is a complicated one and that it is influenced by a range of theoretical ideas arising from both internal domestic and wider international debates.
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