미국, 영국, 한국의 정책이전 사례에 관한 연구 - 1990년대 근로연계복지를 중심으로 -
A Study on a Case of Policy Transfer among the U.S., the U.K., and Korea: Focused on the Welfare-to-Work in 1990s
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This paper analyzes the agents, methods, and types of policy transfer focused on the characteristics and contents of each welfare-to-work related program in order to identify how the welfare-to-work policy was transferred among the U.S, the U.K., and Korea in 1990s. The findings are as follows: first, at the transfer process of welfare-to-work policy Korea has the 'self-sufficiency' program, work-based welfare policy transferred from both the U.S., and the U.K., while the workfare from the U.S was transferred to the U.K. Second, at the type of policy transfer it was to be done the voluntary transfer between the U.S. and the U.K., but simultaneously voluntary and coercive transfer in Korea. Third, in the method of transfer it was to be done 'emulation' between U.S. and U.K., but soly 'hybridization' in Korea. Fourth, at the agents, the politicians, especially bureaucrats including Prime Minister, were key members of policy transfer in the U.K., but the various professional bureaucrats from the welfare related departments were centered among the transfer agents as well as the President and the international entities in Korea. From these results it can be identified that the workfare policy of Korea essentially differ from that of the U.S. and the U.K. at the starting point. That is Korea was led to create 'self-sufficiency' program, work-based welfare policy transferred from both the U.S. and the U.K. in the process of welfare expansion but the two latter countries to try the workfare at the aim of welfare reduction. Additionally, it can be thought Korea did not intend to establish the real national minimum because it hurried to introduce the workfare policy transferred in order to escape from the contemporary economic crisis in the institutional context of poor welfare.
Abstract
This paper analyzes the agents, methods, and types of policy transfer focused on the characteristics and contents of each welfare-to-work related program in order to identify how the welfare-to-work policy was transferred among the U.S, the U.K., and Korea in 1990s. The findings are as follows: first, at the transfer process of welfare-to-work policy Korea has the 'self-sufficiency' program, work-based welfare policy transferred from both the U.S., and the U.K., while the workfare from the U.S was transferred to the U.K. Second, at the type of policy transfer it was to be done the voluntary transfer between the U.S. and the U.K., but simultaneously voluntary and coercive transfer in Korea. Third, in the method of transfer it was to be done 'emulation' between U.S. and U.K., but soly 'hybridization' in Korea. Fourth, at the agents, the politicians, especially bureaucrats including Prime Minister, were key members of policy transfer in the U.K., but the various professional bureaucrats from the welfare related departments were centered among the transfer agents as well as the President and the international entities in Korea. From these results it can be identified that the workfare policy of Korea essentially differ from that of the U.S. and the U.K. at the starting point. That is Korea was led to create 'self-sufficiency' program, work-based welfare policy transferred from both the U.S. and the U.K. in the process of welfare expansion but the two latter countries to try the workfare at the aim of welfare reduction. Additionally, it can be thought Korea did not intend to establish the real national minimum because it hurried to introduce the workfare policy transferred in order to escape from the contemporary economic crisis in the institutional context of poor welfare.
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