복지체제와 복지태도의 국제비교 연구: 불평등 완화에 대한 국가역할 만족도와 요구도를 중심으로
A Comparative Study on Welfare Regimes and Welfare Attitudes: Focusing on Satisfaction and Needs of the Role of Government for Inequality Reduction
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이 연구의 목적은 복지체제에 따라 복지태도의 유형이 구분되는지를 검증하는 데 있다. 구체적으로 불평등 완화의 국가역할 만족도와 요구도가 복지체제별로 구분되는지를 확인하고자 했다. 이를 위해 유럽사회조사(European Social Survey) 6차 자료(2012년)와 유럽연합통계국(Eurostat) 자료를 활용하여 24개 유럽국가의 비교분석을 수행했다. 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같이 정리된다. 첫째, 복지체제별로 불평등 완화에 대한 국가역할 만족도와 요구도에 차이가 존재했다. 대체로 북유럽 국가에서 만족도가 높았고, 남유럽과 동유럽 국가에서 요구도가 높았다. 둘째, 불평등 완화에 대한 국가역할 만족도가 높고, 1인당 복지지출 수준이 높으며, 재분배 효과성이 강한 국가일수록 국가역할 요구도가 낮은 상관관계가 존재했다. 셋째, 복지체제에 따라 복지태도의 유형이 구분되고 있었다. 특히 북유럽 국가들은 불평등 완화에 대한 국가역할 만족도가 높은 반면 요구도가 낮은 군집으로 수렴되고 있었다. 이들 국가들은 높은 복지지출 수준과 강한 재분배 효과성이라는 특징을 가지고 있었다. 이 연구는 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to verify whether the types of welfare attitudes are classified according to the welfare regimes. Specifically, this study tried to confirm whether the satisfaction and needs of the role of government for inequality reduction are divided into welfare regimes. For the purpose, this study conducted a comparative analysis of 24 European countries using the 6th European Social Survey (2012) and the Eurostat data. The main results of the analysis are summarized as follows. First, there is a difference in the satisfaction and needs of the role of government for the inequality reduction among the welfare regimes. Generally, the satisfaction is high in the Nordic countries, while the needs is high in the southern and eastern European countries. Second, there is a correlation that the country where the per capita welfare expenditure level is high and the redistribution effect is strong have high level of the satisfaction. Third, the types of welfare attitudes are classified according to the welfare regimes. In particular, the Nordic countries are converging into a cluster with low needs and high satisfaction. These countries have high level of social spending and strong redistributive effects. This study suggested policy implications based on the above results.
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