현대 사회의 私有 문제와 ‘大同’철학의 현실적 의의

Abstract

In contemporary society where the 21st century is the neoliberal ideology that emphasizes private ownership is expanding its influence all over the world. in many countries that have adopted the neoliberal ideology is the social conflicts spread due to unequal structures of the concentration of ownership on a few persons and the lack of ownership of the majority due to the logic of greedy capital. The traditional ‘great harmony(大同)’ philosophy denies private ownership and regards everything as being public. The traditional ‘great harmony’ philosophy seeks to construct a society in which righteousness as a sense of sharing based on morality is realized. However, the ‘great harmony’ philosophy regards the relationship between benefits and righteousness as an opposing relationship between the private and the public, does not present concrete methods to transform the sense of private ownership into a sense of sharing and to coordinate the essential differences between the morality needed in the ‘lesser prosperity(小康)’ society and the morality needed in the ‘great harmony’ society. Now, we need to change this perspective and organically linking benefit and righteousness. These benefits mean the virtue of autumn, which completes the growth of all things out of ‘the providence of Heaven for four seasons (元亨利貞; origination, proliferation, benefit, and firmness).’ These benefits are not exclusive benefits based on instrumental reason, but are righteous harmony formed in relations with others, which is helpful for each other’s life. This ‘the mind to benefit me’ is not the ‘selfishness to benefit only me’ but is the mind that pursues the righteous benefits that can be shared by numerous individuals. This is justice as a sense of sharing that is secured through the organic coordination between my benefits and your benefits, which is necessary to prevent the collapse of the community society and construct peaceful society. This view of the relationship between benefits and righteousness is a realistic transformation of the traditional ‘great harmony’ philosophy. This changed the ‘great harmony’ philosophy can be one of the perspectives that can ideologically solve the numerous conflicts in the 21st century society created by private ownership based on selfish greed.