21세기 유학의 어울림철학에 나타난 이로움과 의로움의 문제

Abstract

In the world of the 21st century, the influence of neoliberal ideology, which considers selfishness as the driving force of social development, is expanding. However, since selfishness has an egocentric tendency, it prefers the emergence of a sense of exclusive competition. The generalization of the sense of exclusive competition aims for a monopoly position in the issue of ownership of the means of production. This forms a winner-take-all culture and acts as a cause of social polarization. Confucianism, which aims for an equal society through the righteousness of the community, is critical of this polarization that causes social conflict. Confucianism in the 21st century needs to acknowledge that there is a heart to profit from oneself, which is naturally formed in the process of survival, and that this heart is not only oneself but also to others. If members of society acknowledge and respect each other of their own profit, they can pursue profit that can be shared with others rather than the exclusive selfishness that only profit me. This means that when profit collide with each other, it can be a theoretical basis for reaching an agreement that can be sympathized with each other through a process of democratic consultation. The profit derived from this agreement can be called public profit, and this public profit can be sublimated into public righteousness. This logic is not a method of defining reality by an immutable a priori principle that transcends time and space, but a new method of constructing values based on a concrete reality that changes dynamically. This means that Confucianism can still be effective in the 21st century through the content of zhouyi(周易), which regards profit and righteousness as harmony rather than opposition, and through the realization of the Qi(氣) philosophical thinking that regards righteousness as something that is formed every day. As such, Confucianism in the 21st century is critical of the exclusive attitude of pushing each other out of the relationship between profit and righteousness, the appearance of uniformity attributed to or attributed to the other, and the non-value attitude of ignoring each other's characteristics. This means that while acknowledging the difference between profit and righteousness, it is possible to make a theoretical contribution to the construction of a peaceful society through organic coordination of profit and righteousness.