근대 호서산림(湖西山林)의 학문적 위기 대응 방식과 사상적 배경

Abstract

Inheriting Song Si-yeol's(宋時烈) schooling through family studies, brothers Song Byeong-seon and Song Byeong-soon are the Sanrim(山林) from the Hoseo(湖西) region who were active during the late Joseon Dynasty and the Korean Empire. After Song Si-yeol Joseon politics and Confucianism led by Noron(老論), Kiho class(畿湖學派), they emphasized the theory of loyalty to the Ming Dynasty and the theory of sinocentrism, which were Song Si-yeol's ideological orientations. Song Byeong-seon and Song Byeong-soon were scholars of Dohak(道學) who were active in the period of the collapse of the Joseon Dynasty, and they tried to cope with the crisis with the scholarship and ideology of Song Si-yeol. They studied together as brothers. In the course of the fall of the Joseon Dynasty they tried to keep their loyalty by commit suicide after Eulsa Treaty and Japanese colonial rule. They showed very similar tendencies in academic character, and shared discipleship by teaching together. They were called Yeonjae school, and grouping research into one topic made it possible to grasp their ideas more effectively. They were active in a time of academic and ideological crisis, such as the expansion of christian forces, the abolition of Mandongmyo's(萬東廟) ancestral rites, and reduction of seowon. Sinocentrism, the central ideology of scholars of Dohak in the late Joseon Dynasty was facing a major crisis. During this period, they actively expressed their opinions through appeals, and if they were not accepted, they retreated and immersed themselves in the fundamental study of Dohak. During that time, they read and organized the books of Zhūxī(朱熹) and Song Si-yeol, and worked to honor their thoughts and spirits. In particular, they admired Song Si-yeol because his theory of loyalty and sinocentrism were absolutely necessary ideologies at that time. Only Joseon had inherited the Chinese civilization, but the sense of crisis that it could collapse drew attention to Song Si-yeol. In particular Song Byeong-seon tried to establish the continuity of Joseon by compiling books such as Geunsasokrok(近思續錄), Dongyuyeonwonrok(東儒淵源錄), and Donggamgangmok(東鑑綱目). This process was also a process of grasping the system of the theory of Joseon’s sinocentrism. The West and Japan were cited as threats to Joseon’s sinocentrism, and in their view, Japan was no different from the West. Therefore, their main targets were the West and Japan. They were posting and writing appeals against Japan's intentions. Nevertheless the fall of Joseon could not be stopped. Ultimately, right after the Treaty of Eulsa and after the Japanese colonial rule they each chosed suicide and practiced their loyalty.