『공양전(公羊傳)』 화이관(華夷觀)의 이중적 구조와 그 특징

Abstract

In Gongyangzhuan, it primarily set the relationship between China and enemies confrontational and exclusive and adheres strict principle of the exclusion of foreigners towards enemies. In the Spring and Autumn period, the main stage in Gongyangzhuan, the most pressing issue facing the countries in the mainland was the rapid growth of enemies and the response towards their advancement to China. In this situation where the sense of crisis towards enemies reached its peak, the exclusive distinction between China and enemies became permanent inevitably. However, the exclusion of foreigners due to exclusion and suppression has no choice but be in a contradictory relationship, which is incompatible with the political goal of Gongyangzhuan, the grand unification. Thus in Gongyangzhuan, it stepped away from the attitude of sticking to the exclusion of foreigners and tried to newly seek the relationship between China and enemies and resolve the contradictory relationship of the grand unification and exclusion of foreigners. Gongyangzhuan suggested a unique Sinocentrism; accept enemies as a member of China if enemies showed "gradual progress" by practicing Chinese culture such as courtesy. Also, the same criteria applied to the opposite situation where enemies incorporate into China - the corruption of China to enemies. If countries that newly incorporated to China, as well as existing countries in the mainland, give up Chinese culture and act like enemies, they are immediately expelled to enemies' realm. As such, China and enemies in Gongyangzhuan is not a fixed concept to a specific region or group, but where a transfer is possible.