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코로나19 팬데믹 이후 미국 사이버보안 정책의 변화와 연속성에 관한 연구

The Change and Continuity of Post-pandemic Cyber Security Policy in the U.S.

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초록

본 연구는 팬데믹 전후로 나타난 미국의 사이버보안 정책의 연속성과 변화를 분석하기 위한 시론적 연구이다. 팬데믹 이후 미국의 공공부문을 대상으로 한 사이버 위협이 비약적으로 증가하였고, 이는 미국 정책결정자들이 사이버보안 정책을 재조명하는 계기가 되었다. 본 연구는 팬데믹 발생 이후 미국의 정책결정자와 사이버보안 전문가의 공식 담화와 2021년 출범한 바이든 행정부에서 발표한 사이버보안 대책 및 행정명령을 분석하여 팬데믹 전후 미국의 사이버보안 정책 궤도의 변화를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 팬데믹 이후 나타난 사이버 위협은 기존 국가 사이버보안 시스템의 주요 결함을 보여주었으며 이에 따른 문제 해결의 적극적인 공감대를 이끄는 계기가 되었다. 또한, 기존의 사이버보안 인식과 아이디어를 강화했으며 장기적으로 해결해야 하지만 국가 정책의 우선순위에서 물러나 지지부진하게 진행되어 왔던 사이버보안 정책 수립과 이행에 새로운 추진력과 정책집행의 가속화를 불러왔다. 본 연구는 팬데믹으로 급변한 사이버보안 환경이 국가의 사이버보안 정책에 미친 영향, 정책적 변화, 연속성을 미국의 사례를 통해 설명하였다는 점에서 의미가 있다.

Abstract

This study is a introductory study to analyze the continuity and change of US cybersecurity policy before and after the pandemic. After the pandemic, cyber threats to the U.S. public sector increased dramatically, which served as an opportunity to re-examine the cybersecurity policies of U.S. policymakers. This study analyzed the change in the US cybersecurity policy trajectory before and after the pandemic. As a result of the analysis, the cyber threats that appeared after the pandemic showed major flaws in the existing national cybersecurity system and served as an opportunity to lead a consensus in solving the problem. In addition, it strengthened awareness and ideas of existing cybersecurity and promoted the establishment and implementation of cybersecurity policies that had stepped down from national policy priorities. This study is meaningful in that it explains the impact of the rapidly changing cybersecurity environment on the nation's cybersecurity policy through the case of the United States.

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