일본의 전통적 ‘심정’과 서구의 근대적 ‘형식’의 만남 — 근대 일본에서 ‘國學’ 이념의 이중성 —

Abstract

This paper examined the modern meaning of Kokgakism, based on the precondition that Kokgak contains the ambiguity of return and renovation. The characteristics of the modern Japan are found in that returning purpose became the most efficient measures to destroy the old regulations. The idea of return as a beginning indicated in Kokgakism plays a key role for religious ritual of politics that is based on the Japanese emperor. This characteristic is propagated in such a way that it is not a religion while it is possible to be a religion actually to be institutionalized as the national Shintoism that takes charge of a broad social integration. Based on at this angle, This research studies what kinds of associations rational 'formality' of Western 'modernity' in Japan have with 'feeling' of traditional and religious Anagogic(秘儀) of Japan. In Japan, the modern 'type' is rationalized as a special 'content' in the Japan category by inserting traditional and Anagogic 'feeling' dimension, on the other hand, this 'feeling' dimension is rationalized with a universal "format" in an abstract category throughout modern ‘formality’. Modern Emperor System in Japan achieved validity of domination effectively by mixing the ‘Anagogic’, traditional domination and modern, rationalized ' formality' domination. Due to the dual structure of innovation and restoration which combined Anagogic value to the ‘formed’ modern institutional systems, those who are being dominated formed strong 'feeling' adhesion relationships to their parties mutually or dominator. At the same time, those who are being dominated could ensure a unified perspective to the world and the country could ensure consistency of domination principle. This of the sense of mystical 'uniqueness' and the sense of formal 'homogeneity' are satisfied at the same time. I explain a concrete institutional planning to reproduce to the society members in the space of modern Japan with the example of Kyōiku Chokugo(敎育勅語). "Educational rescript" plays a crucial role to be recognized as a religious and mythological symbol and modern symbol of enlightenment by Emperor. Mixed Anagogic feeling and pervasive ethics in the political space made that society members think of their emperor as a ambivalent presence of religious godhood and modern enlightenment. I want to attract ‘Interpellation’ theory of L. Althusser and ‘Persona’ concept of C. Jung to expose these structures more clearly which resulted from mixed religious Anagogic(秘儀) feeling and modern ‘formality’.