성호 이익의 퇴계 사칠론 해석에 대한 비판적 검토

Abstract

According to several preceding studies of Toegye's view on Four-Seven debates, Toegye's main contention is to differentiate siduan四端 from qiqing七情. This view is similar to Seong-ho's thought that the Toegye's main proposition of is that "Siduan is lifa理發(manifestation of li); Qiqing is qifa氣發(manifestation of qi)." Seong-ho also criticized Yulgok because Yulgok opposed to this proposition. However, Seong-ho himself also criticized Toegye's view so that he raised three problems of his view as follows : 1) Why Toegye wants to differentiate siduan from qiqing by comparing with the approaches to distinguishing qizhizhixing氣質之性(psycho-physical nature) and benranzhixig本然之性(original nature)? 2) Why Toegye said there are no siduan existing outside of qiqing? 3) Why Toegye tries to divide the renxin人心(human mind) and qiqing? Toegye's insistence related to those three questions, raised by Seong-ho, were not one-time mistakenly spoken during the period of Four-Seven debate. If one checks those three points then one would find out that Toegye did not claim that siduan is totally different sentiments comparing to qiqing. If so, then, the famous proposition should be reconsidered and we should figure out why Seong-ho criticized Toegye although he was a proponent of Toegye. In short, Seong-ho did not fully understand the meaning of Toegye’s four-seven.