율곡의 호발설(互發說) 비판에 대한 성호의 반비판 - 사상사적 함의에 주목하여 -

Abstract

The differences in the ways of understanding Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings between Toegye and Yulgok kept raising important issues through "contention between criticism and anti-criticism" in the transmission process of the discussions to the following generations. At the center was the question about how to understand Toegye's theory of mutual issuance (互發說). Yulgok criticized strongly the logical problems of his theory by emphasizing the perspective of integration on the premise of "marvel of Li-Qi (理氣之妙)." The ways of discussion that Yulgok presented in his criticism of Toegye's theory of mutual issuance were used as essential grounds for arguments since the 17th century as the Yulgok School refuted the Toegye School's theory of Four-Seven, which means that the Toegye School's first task in their advocacy for the theory of mutual issuance was to establish logic to overcome Yulgok's criticism. Advocating Toegye's theory of Four-Seven in the position of the Toegye School, Sungho tried to supplement the logical problems of Toegye's theory of mutual issuance in the form of "anti-criticism" for Yulgok's criticism of the theory in his early work Siqixinbian (『四七新編』). Sungho inherited developmentally Toegye's theory of mutual issuance, which puts an emphasis on the meanings of Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings in good and evil through their confronting composition in value, and proposed "Lifayitu theory (理發一途說)," which stresses the governance of Li, in the process. His discussions, however, ended up creating new issues while failing to escape from the magnetic field of Yulgok's "qifalichengyitu theory (氣發理乘一途說)" contrary to his original intention. Many different limitations in Sungho's Siqixinbian raised new discussions about Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings within the Sungho School and eventually became important instrumental conditions to reinterpret Toegye's philosophy in a reflective manner and diversify the discussions about Four Beginnings and Seven Feelings.