민주적 이행 이후 필리핀 민주주의의 성격과 한계
Post-transitional Democracy in the Philippines
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Abstract
This study is part of an attempt to provide a better understanding of democracy in the Philippines since the democratic transition in 1986. It intends to explore the attributes of the democratic regime in the Philippines and to show its limitations and problems. Democratization is an almost endless ongoing process toward a complete and ideal state of democracy. It doesn't end with the democratic transition or the restoration of electoral democracy. Even when a democratic system is above the threshold of electoral democracy, it can be improved and deepened further. All democracies can become more democratic. In this process of democratization we can discern several distinct democracies such as electoral democracy, liberal democracy, consolidated democracy, etc. Due to the non-democratic political situations and practices such as electoral frauds, election-related violence, human rights abuses, extra-judicial killings, widespread corruption in the public sector, mismanagement of state affairs, lack of governmental accountability, etc. in the present-day Philippines, we can identify the post-transitional democracy in the Philippines as one form of illiberal democracies or what can be called a 'low-profile democracy.'
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