필리핀 선거제도의 내용과 평가 : 민주주의 공고화의 관점에서
Contents and Assessment of Philippine Electoral System in Perspective of Democratic Consolidation
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Abstract
Democratic consolidation is a process to establish and stabilize democratic institutions. Election as an institution is an indispensable element in modern democracy. In Schumpeterian democracy or Huntington’s procedural democracy, election becomes a sufficient condition for democracy in which many undemocratic elements surrounding election are ignored. So, as far as democratic consolidation is concerned, Dahl’s definition of democracy is more applicable since only free, fair, and competitive elections are considered as a condition for democracy. In order to understand the nature and contents of each country’s electoral system correctly, power relations among political actors amid interest conflicts must be taken into account. Upon reviewing the current Philippine electoral laws, any serious defects were found, although some minor concerns were appeared. However, the result was quite negative if the Philippine elections be evaluated from the viewpoints of credibility, fairness, equality, and representation. It represents the low level of democratic institutionalization in the Philippines. Election has a function of weathering social problems by expressing the desire of improvement. However, the Philippine electoral system does not function well in this terms. The traditional power structure and socioeconomic inequality still exists strongly in the Philippines. Such structural problems deter the Philippines from consolidating democracy as these negatively affect the electoral process. Despite the fact, the Philippines has nurtured a strong social dynamism in its historical process and proved it twice through People Power Revolution. Democratic consolidation in the Philippines mainly depends on how the Philippine electoral system channel such social dynamism into improving democratic fundamental such as socioeconomic structure.
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