남부술라웨시 전통문자의 형성과 역할
The Development and Role of Indigenous Writings in South Sulawesi
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본고는 남부술라웨시의 네 가지 종류의 전통문자인 술라파으파문자, 장앙장앙문자, 세랑문자, 그리고 빌랑빌랑문자의 기원과 발전과정의 배경, 유형적 특징, 그리고 각 문자들의 사용위치에 대해 조명한다. 이를 위해, 본고는 슈미트의 문자단일기원설을 주축으로 전개된다. 7세기경 남부술라웨시에 처음 소개된 문자의 개념은 동부칼리만탄과 남부수마트라에서 앞서 사용된 팔라와문자로부터라는 가설이 지배적이다. 팔라와문자를 통한 문자의 개념은 부기스인들의 세계관을 상징하는 사각형태안에서 재정립되어 술라파으파문자의 탄생으로 이어졌다. 14세기부터 널리 사용된 술라파으파문자의 유형적 특징은 인접한 마카사르사회의 장앙장앙문자 정립에 재차 영향을 주었다. 장앙장앙문자는 술라파으파문자의 유형에 기본을 두고 있지만 문자소의 외형은 닭(鷄)의 형태를 본떠 만들어졌다. 이후, 17세기 초 이슬람이 남부술라웨시에 유입되자 이슬람 문화를 기록하기 위해 아랍문자에 기초한 세랑문자가 출현되어 사용되기 시작했다. 계속해서 19세기에는 술라파으파문자의 유형과 아랍문자의 문자소를 조합한 또 다른 문자인 빌랑빌랑문자가 출현하였다. 부기스 왕족출신인 촐릭 푸지에(Colliq Pujié)는 네덜란드의 동인도회사로부터 부기스 왕국의 공문서를 보호할 목적으로 비밀문자인 빌랑빌랑문자를 창안한 것이다. 남부술라웨시의 네 가지 전통문자들 중 어미문자격인 술라파으파문자가 지닌 전통성은 다른 문자들과는 달리 다양한 분야와 넓은 사용영역을 통해 그것의 확고한 위치를 확립했다는 것을 확인 할 수 있다. 고래로부터 남부술라웨시에서 네 가지 종류의 전통문자가 발전되고 사용되었다는 사실은 이들의 역동적이고도 남다른 문식성을 나타내준다.
Abstract
This paper describes the origin, the background of the development process, the typological characteristic, and the position in fields of the use of indigenous writings in South Sulawesi, namely Sulapaq Eppaq, Jangang-jangang, Sérang and Bilang-bilang. The theory of monogenesis of writing claimed by Schmitt is focused to proceed this paper. The Pallawa script in East Kalimantan and South Sumatra is assumed as the first one to introduce the concept of writing into South Sulawesi in the seventh century. The concept of writing, afterward, was established in the four-cornered form representing Buginese’ world view to form Sulapaq Eppaq script which had started being widely used since the fourteenth century. After this, the Sulapaq Eppaq script's typological structure was the basis for the production of Jangang-jangang script in Makassarese society. The graphemes, however, were modeled on rooster’ outward appearance. When Islamic civilization was introduced into South Sulawesi in the early seventeenth century, the Arabic-based Sérang script emerged in the Islamic culture. In the nineteenth century another script was invented by combination of the Sulapaq Eppaq’ typological form and the Arabic script’ graphemes, namely Bilang-bilang script. Colliq Pujié, who was the inventor from the Buginese royal family, made the script in order to prevent the contents of official documents of the Buginese Kingdom from being exposed to the Dutch East India Company. The traditional strength of the Sulapaq Eppaq script as the first writing system resulted in wide use over various social areas in the secured social position. In any case, the use and development of the four scripts represent the dynamical strength of literacy in South Sulawesi.
참고문헌 (54)
- 권종성, "문자학개요" (1999), 한국문화사
- 조태영, "부기스-마카사르 론타라 문자 사용의 전통과 사멸, 그리고 교육", 외국어교육연구, 26(1), pp.131~150 (2012), 외국어교육연구소
- 조태영, "인도네시아 인도 문자의 사용과 발전", 남아시아연구, 18(1), pp.143~168 (2012), 인도연구소[DOI]
- 조태영, "문기전통과 한글전파", 교수신문 9월 3일, ~ (2012)
- 최준식, "세계가 높이 산 한국의 문기" (2007), 소나무
- Anceaux, J. C., "The Wolio Language Outline of Grammatical Description and Texts" (1988), Foris Publications
- "Bahasa Nasional dan Bahasa Daerah" (2001)[URL]
- Banda, Maria Matildis, "Deskripsi Naskah dan Sejarah Perkembangan Aksara Ende Flores Nusa Tenggara Timur" (2005), Djambatan
- Caldwell, Ian, "South Sulawesi AD 1300-1600 : Ten Bugis Texts :", Ph. D., pp.1988
- Cho, Taeyoung, "Tradisi Bahasa Tulisan di Sulawesi Selatan", Jurnal Lensa Budaya, 5(2), pp.13~21 (2010)
- Cho, Taeyoung, "Sebuah Refleksi: Dua Tahun Penggunaan Han-Geul di Masyarakat Cia-Cia", Kendari Pos July 22, 4~ (2011)
- Cho, Taeyoung, "Aksara Sérang dan Perkembangan Tamadun Islam di Sulawesi Selatan" (2012), Penerbit Ombak
- Coulmas, Florian, "The Writing System of the World." (1989), Basil Blackwell, Inc.
- Coulmas, Florian, "The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Writing Systems" (1996), Blackwell Publishing
- Cummings, William, "Asian Translation Traditions", pp.195~210 (2014), Routledge
- Crawfurd, John, "History of the Indian Archipelago" (1820), Constable
- Crawfurd, John, "A Descriptive Dictionary of the Indian Islands and Adjacent Countries" (1856), Bradbury & Evans
- Durie, Mark, "Illuminations The Writing Traditions of Indonesia", pp.247~252 (1996), Weatherhill, Inc.
- Fachruddin, Ambo Enré., "Ritumpanna Welentrnnge : Telaah Filologis Sebuah Episoda Sastera Bugis Klasik Galigo" (1999), Yayasan Obor
- Fischer, Steven Roger, "A History of Writing" (2001), Reaktion Books Ltd.
- Gelb, Ignace Jay, "A Study of Writing : The Foundation of Grammatology" (1952), The University of Chicago Press
- Hardiati, Endang Sri, "Pameran Perkembangan Aksara di Indonesia", pp.1~6 (2002), Museum Nasional Indonesia
- "Program PSGBD Unhas-Pemprov Diminati" (2010)[URL]
- Hunter, Thomas M. Jr., "Illuminations The Writing Traditions of Indonesia", pp.3~12 (1996), Weatherhill, Inc.
- Hussein, Ismail, "Sejarah Pertumbuhan Bahasa Kebangsaan Kita" (1992), Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
- "Codes for the representation of names of scripts" (2014)[URL]
- Kozok, Uli, "Illuminations The Writing Traditions of Indonesia", pp.231~246 (1996), Weatherhill, Inc.
- Kridalaksana, Harimurti, "Kamus Linguistik" (1993), PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama
- Lewis, M. Paul, "Ethnologue Languages of the World" (2009), SIL International
- Matthes, B. F., "Boegineesch heldendicht op Daeng Kalabu" (1858), Muller, Schmidt
- Matthes, B. F., "Makassaarsche spraakkunst" (1858), Muller
- Mattulada, "Manusia dan Kebudayaan di Indonesia", pp.259~278 (1985), Penerbit Djambatan
- Mattulada, "La Toa: Satu Lukisan Analitis Terhadap Antropologi Politik Orang Bugis" (1985), Gadjah Mada University Press
- Mills, Roger F., "Proto South Sulawesi and Proto Austronesian Phonology", Ph. D., pp.1975
- Moain, Amat Juhari, "Perancangan Bahasa: Sejarah Aksara Jawi" (1996), Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
- Nomay, Usman, "Orang Melayu di Makassar Abad XVI-XVII" (2009), Penerbit Ombak
- Noorduyn, Jacob, "Variation in the Bugis", Makasarese Script, 1993, pp.149(3), 533~570
- Ong, Walter J., "Orality and Literacy" (1982), Methuen, Inc.
- PaEni, Mukhlis, "Katalog Induk Naskah-Naskah Nusantara Sulawesi Selatan" (2003), Gadjah Mada University Press
- Pelras, Christian, "Manusia Bugis" (2006), NALAR
- Pfeiffer, Rudolf, "History of Classical Scholarship from 1300 to 1850" (1976), Clarendon Press
- Raffles, Thomas Stamford, "The History of Java" (1817), Black, Parbury and Allen
- Rahman, Ahmad, "Pelestarian dan Perkembangan Aksara Lontarak di Sulawesi Selatan" (1996), Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan
- Rahman, Nurhayati, "Retna Kencana Colliq Pujie Arung Pancana Toa 1812-1876: Intelektual Penggerak Zaman" (2008), La Galigo Press
- Robinson, Andrew, "The Story of Writing" (1995), Thames and Hudson
- Saussure, Ferdinand de, "Course in General Linguistics, translated by Harris, Roy" (1983), Gerald Duckworth
- Schmitt, Alfred, "Entstehung und Entwicklung von Schriften" (1980), Böhlau
- Sewang, Ahmad M., "Islamisasi Kerajaan Gowa Abad XVI sampai Abad XVII" (2005), Yayasan Obor Indonesia
- Syarifuddin, Daeng Kulle, "Aksara Lontara Makassar" (2003), Dinas Pendidikan Nasional Kabupaten Gowa
- Tol, Roger, "Illuminations The Writing Traditions of Indonesia", pp.213~230 (1996), Weatherhill, Inc.
- "Pegon Alphabet" (2015)[URL]
- "Sulawesi" (2015)[URL]
- "Sultan Hasanuddin" (2015)[URL]
- Zuhdi, Susanto, "Sejarah Buton yang Terabaikan Labu Rope Labu Wana" (2010), PT Rajagrafindo Persada