말레이시아 2022: 안와르의 집권과 개혁과제
Malaysia 2022: The Unity Government and Prime Minister Anwar’s Reformist Agenda
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2022년 말레이시아의 가장 중요한 이슈는 15대 총선 실시와 안와르 이브라힘(Anwar Ibrahim)이 주도한 통합정부(Unity Government)의 출범이었다. 2022년 11월에 출범한 안와르의 통합정부는 PH와 BN의 연합에 의해 성사되었고, 이 과정에서 국왕이 결정적인 역할을 담당하였다. 특히 정치적 앙숙이었던 희망연합(PH: Pakatan Harapan)의 인민공정당(PKR: Parti Keadilan Rakyat)과 국민전선(BN: Barisan Nasional)의 통일말레이국민기구(UMNO: United Malays National Organization)가 연합정권의 출범을 주도하면서 향후 통합정부의 성격과 지속 가능성에 대한 논란이 지속될 것으로 전망된다. 통합정부의 성공을 위해서는 정치적 안정과 함께 지속적 경제성장이 필요하다. 제한된 세수와 부채로 인한 구조적인 재정 능력의 한계와 불확실한 대외 환경은 통합정부의 선택과 대응을 어렵게 하고 있다. 사회, 경제, 외교 영역에서의 개혁은 정치적 안정 속에서 가능하며 통합정부의 성공과 정치적 안정을 위해서는 보다 적극적이고 개혁적인 정책적 대응과 정부 역할이 요구되는 상황이다.
Abstract
Malaysia’s most important issues in 2022 were the formation of the Unity Government led by Anwar Ibrahim as a consequence of the 15th general election in November 2022. The Unity Government was formed by a coalition of Pakatan Harapan (PH) and Barisan Nasional (BN), in which the king (Agong) played a decisive role. In particular, the nature of the coalition between PKR (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) of PH and the United Malaysia National Organization (UMNO) of the National Front (BN), which were once political enemies, would bring challenges to the characteristics and sustainability of the Unity Government. Political stability and continuous economic growth should be achieved for the success of the Unity Government. The limitations of structural fiscal capacity due to constrained tax revenues, government debt and the uncertain external environment are becoming challenges to the Unity Government. Reform in the social, economic, and diplomatic fields needs political stability which calls for active reformist government roles.
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