19세기 초 런던 선교회의 페낭 선교활동 연구: 화인 선교를 중심으로
Early Penang Mission Works by the London Missionary Society in the 19th Century:Focused on Chinese Migrants
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초록
본 연구는 19세기 런던 선교회의 선교사들이 페낭에서 화인들을 중심으로 어떻게 선교활동을 펼쳤는지 살펴본다. 런던 선교회는 최종적으로 중국 선교를 목표하였지만 선교 활동을 곧바로 시작하기 어려웠던 1810년대에 대안 선교지로 중국계 화인 인구가 상당수 거주하던 말라카와 페낭을 선택했다. 1810년대 이전 페낭의 화인들은 주로 불교를 믿거나 자신들의 화합을 위한 목적으로 제사 등, 전통적인 종교 의식을 가졌다. 런던 선교회 선교사들은 1810년대 후반부터 페낭에서 선교활동을 하며 중국인들을 개종시키려 했다. 그들은 주로 예배, 교육, 의료 등을 통하여 화인들에 대한 선교활동을 직간접적으로 하며 접촉을 시도했다. 선교활동을 하며 선교사들은 화인들이 교육열을 특히 가지고 있는 점을 주목하여 교육 선교에 집중하였다. 모든 화인들이 기독교로 개종을 하지는 않았지만 그들이 꼭 필요로 하는 부분에 도움을 주되, 오히려 종교적 충성도로 인해 화인 기독교도들의 종파적 갈등을 야기하기도 하였다. 1840년대 아편전쟁으로 인해 중국이 개방될 때까지, 런던 선교회의 선교사들은 중국 입국에 제한이 있었다. 그 대안으로, 런던 선교회는 우선 동남아시아의 화인 선교에 집중하며 페낭 역시 그들의 주요 선교지역 중 한곳이었다.
Abstract
This research focuses on how the London Missionary Society took charge of Chinese mission works in Penang in the 19th century. Before meeting Christian missionaries, the Chinese migrants usually worshipped their own gods. The Chinese migrants attempted to harmonize by practising religious activities together. The Christian missionaries began missionary works in Penang from mid-1810s to attract the Chinese migrants. The missionary works included church services, fellowship, educational activities, and medical services so the Chinese migrants could experience Christianity in other ways. Among the missionary activities, the Christian missionaries realized that Chinese migrants were keen to access opportunities for education they established mission schools. While the missionaries helped the Chinese migrants by providing educational opportunities, they caused denominational conflicts among the Chinese Christians. Until the First Opium War forced China to open in 1840s, the missionaries had limited access to China. As an alternative, the missionaries commenced their projects of for the Chinese migrants in Southeast Asia, and Penang wad one of the major mission fields.
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