청말 선교사들의 교육활동

Abstract

Late Ch'ing China after the Opium War is a time there was a movement of externally aggression of Western powers and internally of China's reform against feudal society. Such a movement was exercised by Western forces, so Late Ch'ing China could be called also a time of Western powers advancing toward East Asia(西勢東漸). Western forces, especially represented by Western Studies(西學) introduced by missionaries shook up the Chinese traditional education and it leaded to intellectuals of Chinese seeking an alternative of these new movement. Missionaries not only evolved evangelism, but also provided China an opportunity to convert to modern education from traditional education by propagating the Christian doctrine by . In this paper education of Late Ch'ing China is examined. In this paper Late Ch'ing China is defined as times from the Opium War (1840) to foundation of the Republic of China in 1911. To this end, firstly the establishment of school and secondly educational activities through the translation and publication by missionaries was investigated. In the case of the former, it was examined focused on higher education institutions, medical school, a girls' school. At that time missionaries spreaded modern education in China by establishing a school, and propagated the Western studies(西學) through the translation and publication. In particular, establishing higher education institutions, medical schools, a girls' school could promote a new leadership training of China, the introduction of Western medicine, and the development of women's education. The latter case is studied focused on translation agencies such as Guǎngxuéhuì(廣學會), Jiāngnánzhìzàojú(江南制造局) and Jīngshītóngwén guǎn(京師同文館). In late Ch'ing China through these translation agency many literatures of the West was translated and the textbook was compiled. Such a widespread and translation of western knowledge gave a change in the traditional values of China. In particular, the publication of science and technology books lead to reflection on the past traditional Chinese education‘s weak point overlooking science. It also played a major role in Chinese strive for science education and give birth to many scientists of China. Whether successful educational activities of missionaries came from by missionary purposes or not, it is not possible to exclude that comes from the situation and circumstances of China at that time.