미술시장의 비밀 준수 관행 및 추급권의 실효성 확보 방안에 관한 재고
The Study on Secrecy Norms of Art Market and Measures to Secure the Effectiveness of the Artist’s Resale Royalty Right
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재판매권(artist’s resale royalty right)이라고도 불리는 추급권(droit de suite)은 ‘작품을 따라갈 권리(right to follow the work)’로 미술저작물의 원작품이 최초 판매된 이후에도 제3자에게 재판매될 때마다 저작자가 판매 수익의 일정 비율을 지급하도록 청구할 수 있는 권리이다. 추급권은 1920년 프랑스에서 최초로 도입된 이후 70개 이상의 국가에서 인정되고 있으며 최근에는 세계 미술시장을 주도하고 있는 미국에서도 추급권을 인정하는 연방법 제정과 관련된 논의가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 전통적으로 저작인격권을 포함한 저작자를 위한 다양한 보호 방안을 인정해 오고 있는 대륙법계 국가들에서 추급권이 지지를 받은 사실은 놀랍지 않으나 최근에는 영미법계(common law)에서도 추급권이 다양한 형태로 도입되고 있다는 점은 주목할 만하다. 추급권이 효율적으로 집행되기 위해서는 추급권자가 미술저작물 거래와 관련된 정보를 용이하게 취득할 수 있어야 함은 명확하다. 그러나 미술시장을 지배하고 있는 비밀 준수 관행은 이러한 정보 취득을 어렵게 하는데 본고는 이러한 미술 저작물 판매 정보 취득 문제를 최소화할 수 있는 방안을 논의하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 제2장에서는 추급권의 기원과 최근의 주요 현황을 포함한 연혁을 논의하고자 하며 제3장에서는 추급권 집행의 효율성 저하 문제의 근본적인 원인으로 지적되는 미술 시장의 비밀 준수 관행을 해외 사례를 중심으로 검토하고자 한다. 제4장에서는 미술시장의 비밀 준수 관행과 추급권 간의 충돌로 인하여 야기되는 정보 취득 문제점을 완화하기 위한 법제적 대안으로 추급권 적용 대상의 조정, 추급권료 지급에 필요한 정보요청권 보장, 추급권의 등록 의무화를 검토하고자 한다.
Abstract
The artist’s resale royalty right, commonly called the droit de suite entitles artists to share in the proceeds from resales of their works, was first codified into law in France in 1920. Since then, at least seventy countries have followed suit. The right initially attracted mostly civil law countries, which have long recognized various protections, including moral rights, for creative persons. In recent years, however, this right has garnered support in common law countries. This Article illustrates that existing artist’s resale royalty laws assume a world in which certain information is available to various parties, such as sellers, artists, and collecting societies. However, the art world does not meet this description. Secrecy norms pervade the art market, especially in the United States: market players fiercely guard information about art sales—the very information that is necessary for the artist’s resale royalty right to operate effectively in practice. This conflict between law and norms poses significant challenges for various forms of the artist’s resale royalty right. Thus, this Article carefully considers several possibilities for how lawmakers might overcome, or at least minimize, the information problem, including the limitation on the artist’s resale royalty right, the right to request disclosure of information about trades of artworks and the requirement for registration of the artist’s resale royalty right.
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