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구조회귀모형을 이용한 전략적 성과측정시스템과 공정성 간의 관계분석

Analysis of Relationship between SPMS and Fairness Using Structural Regression Model

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초록

경제 이론에서는 보상 계약에서 다양한 재무적․비재무적 측정치를 사용하여 종업원들의관심을 올바른 방향으로 유도하고 그들의 행동과 조직의 목표를 일치시키도록 제안하고 있다. 반대로 인센티브와 전략적 성과측정시스템을 연계하는 것은 여러 가지 역기능적 행동으로 이어질 수 있다. 그러한 예로는 직원들의 기회주의적 행동(game playing), 성과달성의 불균형, 불완전한 성과 측정 시스템에 기반 하여 보상금액을 책정하게 될 때 나타날 수 있는 잠재적 위험성 등을 들 수 있다. 과거에 학자들은 이러한 문제점들을 보완하는 방법으로 보상계약에 주관성(subjectivity)을 활용하는 방안을 검토하였다. 그러나 주관성은 편애나 편견과 같은 다른 문제를 야기할 수 있다. 경제학자들은 최근에 전통적인 대리인 모형에 공정성(fairness) 또는 정의(justice) 개념을 포함시키면서 대리인 모형을 확장하기 시작했다. 본 연구에서는 전략적 성과측정시스템을 도입하고 그것을 바탕으로 보상계획을 실시하고 있는 외국계 C은행으로부터 관련 자료를 수집하였으며, 전략적 성과측정시스템의 특성과 종업원이 지각하는 조직 공정성 간에 어떠한 관련성이 있는지를 검증하였다. 전략적 성과측정시스템의 특성과 종업원의 성과평가에 대한 공정성 인식간의 인과적 관계가 밝혀진다면, 성과측정시스템, 공정성, 종업원의 성과로 이어지는 구조를 밝히는 근거를 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 분석결과, 전략적 성과측정시스템의 특성은 분배적 정의와 절차공정성과 상호관련성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 시사점은 전략적 성과측정시스템이 종업원의 공정성에 대한인식을 향상시키는 특성을 지니고 있으며, 인센티브 계약을 전략적 성과측정시스템과 연계시킴으로써 성과를 향상시킬 수 있다는 것이다.

Abstract

According to economic theory, multiple financial and non-financial measures (i.e., a strategic performance measurement system ‘‘SPMS”) should be used in compensation contracting to properly direct employees’ attention and motivate behavior aligned with organizational goals. Conversely, linking incentives to the SPMS can result in various dysfunctional behaviors, including game playing by employees, the achievement of unbalanced performance, and the potential of basing compensation on an incomplete performance measurement system. Prior literature has investigated the use of subjectivity in compensation contracting as a means of potentially mitigating these problems;however, subjectivity can introduce other problems including claims of favoritism and bias. Economic theorists have recently begun expanding the traditional agency model to include the notion of fairness or justice. In this study, we obtain data from an organization, foreign C bank, that uses an SPMS as the basis for the allocation of bonuses and investigate whether characteristics of the SPMS are associated with perceived organizational fairness. Specifically, we hypothesize and show that the extent to which employees perceive that the SPMS reflects a strategic causal model and the degree to which it is technically valid are positively associated with their perceptions of organizational justice. The results of this research provide evidence that SPMS are positively related with procedural/distributive fairness. And also there is positive relationship between procedural justice and distributive fairness. The implication is that firms do not necessarily need to introduce subjectivity into the incentive contracting system, but can enhance performance by linking incentive contracts to their SPMS if the system contains characteristics that enhance employees’ perceptions of justice.

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