조선시대 국왕의 備忘記 연구

Abstract

This study searches communication and system of king's command, focusing on Bimanggi in Choson dynasty. Though it's difficult to define when it was exactly enforced at Choson, it was widely used since Jung-jong(中宗) and was utterly fixed, reaching at Seon-jo(宣祖). It was for king to actively correspond to various opinion on his perspective, behind the political background where ideological politics was being activated after 16th. Bimanggi was usually written by Seungjeonsaek(承傳色) which nae-si(內侍) was in charge of and also sometimes by Sa-al(司謁) who belong to Aekjeongseo(掖庭署). Next, Bimanggi written by this process was transferred to Seungjeongwon(承政院) through Seoungjeonsaek or Sa-al and then delivered to each department in charge of. Though mostly sent to Seungjeongwon, sometimes it was transferred to other department such as Bi-byeon-sa(備邊司), usually content that conveyed to certain department. Also, Command ordered by Bimanggi was often made to jeonji(傳旨) of king and then was sent to each government agency. Bimanggi was used when king conveyed political command with another don-yu(敦諭), byeor-yu(別諭) to high-ranking officials or sal-lim(山林). Political command conveyed through Bimanggi was about various items and it was applied whole part of national administration such as the royal family, diplomacy, personnel section, military affairs or law. The point we should focus on is that after Sukjong(肅宗) in latter period of Choson, as it started that Bimanggi was used by main political event, it was importantly used in changing a political situation at king's position. This is why Bimanggi was extensively used at latter Choson. In the mean time, comparing with gujeonhakyo(口傳下敎), its rank was different. Although gujeonhakyo also conveyed various topic, instructions was laid on gujeonhakyo; which was said not to be sent to gazette. Also, Follow-up measure for Bimanggi was passed down on gujeonhakyo. In case of personnel affairs, the object of gujeonhakyo is low official including naesi, otherwise the object of Bimanggi is for position higher then Dangsanggwan(堂上官). Bimanggi is believed to be the most widely used system among various king's command at Choson. It's because of its character. There were many type of king's command like gyomun(敎文), yuneum(綸音), bidap(批答) or panbu(判付). Among this, because gyomun or yuneum) were written in limited frame of national literary system, they had a limitation that couldn't convey the deliberate feeling of king. As bidap was a interactive communication, also it could be simple and cautious. panbu isn't valid means for changing circumstances because of its fixed form. Otherwise. Bimanggi was not only the most efficient means that show king's intent but also had a strong point that could rapidly cope with circumstances.