ANP 모형을 이용한 UAM 이착륙장(Vertiport) 입지선정 요인 및 중요도 분석 연구
UAM Vertiport Site Selection Criteria and Importance Analysis Based on ANP Model
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초록
도심항공교통(urban air mobillity)은 전기를 동력으로 사용하여 소음이 적고 수직으로 이착륙이 가능한 eVTOL(electronic vertical take off and landing) 항공기체로 도심의 하늘길을 운항하는 3차원 교통시스템으로 기존 2차원 교통수단이 가지는 한계를 극복하며 이동방식과 속도를 혁신적으로 개선하는 미래의 대중교통수단이 될 것으로 기대되고 있다. 도심항공교통(UAM)의 상용화를 위해서는 전기로 구동되는 수직이착륙기체(eVTOL)뿐만 아니라 eVTOL의 착륙과 이륙, 정비와 충전, 승객의 탑승과 하기등과 같은 지상에서 필요한 역할을 하는 UAM 이착륙장도 함께 준비되어야 하고 이를 위해서는 이착륙장의 입지와 위치별 규모를 설정한 후 이에 따른 최적의 네트워크를 설정하는 것이 필요하다. 본 연구는 미래의 혁신교통수단이 될 도심항공교통의 이착륙장에 대한 입지선정 요인을 도출하고, 입지평가에 필요한 각 요인의 상대적 중요도를 분석하였다. 우리나라 환경과 특성에 맞는 UAM 이착륙장 입지선정 요인은 문헌연구, eVTOL 개발사의 요구사항, 기술적 제약과 안전규제 사항 등을 기반으로UTK(UAM team korea) 소속 전문가 집단을 대상으로 한 표적집단면접 방식으로 도출하였고, 입지선정요인의 상대적 중요도는 요인간의 상호 영향관계를 고려할 수 있는 ANP(analytic network process) 모형을 적용하여 분석하였다. UAM 이착륙장의 입지선정 요인으로 토지비용, 대중교통 접근성, 장애물․ 항로 구성, 전력원 공급 및 시공 용이성, 소음․환경, 법․제도의 6개 요인을 도출하였다. 각 요인간의 상호 영향관계를 반영한 상대적 중요도 분석결과 UAM 이착륙장 입지선정에 있어 대중의 수용성에영향을 미치는 청각적 소음, 시각적 방해, 환경 문제 등을 포함하는 소음․환경 요인의 중요성이 제일높다고 분석되었다. 또한 입지선정 요인간의 상호 독립성을 가정한 AHP(analytic hierarchy process) 분석결과와 ANP 분석결과를 비교하면 법과 제도적 요인의 상대적 중요도는 높아지는 반면 버스나 지하철 등 대중교통 접근성 요인의 상대적 중요도는 떨어지는 것으로 분석되었다.
Abstract
Urban aviation mobility(UAM), which uses eVTOL(electronic Vertical Take Off and Landing), is a threedimensional transportation system that is expected to overcome the limitations of existing two-dimensional transportation. In order to foster UAM industry, not only the development of electrically powered e-VTOLs, but also the location, size, and network setting of ground infrastructures(Vertiport), which functions as a take-off and landing eVTOL, should be prepared. This study analyzed UAM Vertiport Site Selection Criteria and importance of criteria in consideration of their interrelationships. In this study, UAM Vertiport Site Selection Criteria were selected as a target group interview method from UTK(UAM Team Korea) experts based on literature reviews, eVTOL developers’ requirements, and technical limitations and safety regulations related to UAM operation. Interrelationship between these site selection criteria were analyzed through ANP (Analytic Network Process) analysis. As a result of this paper, There are six criteria for UAM Vertiport Site Selection ; land cost, accessibility to public transportation, obstacles and corridors, power supply and ease of construction, noise and environmental factors, law and regulation. It was analyzed that noise and environmental criteria, including auditory noise, visual disturbance were of paramount importance. In addition, when comparing the analysis results of AHP(assuming mutual independence between the site selection criteria) and ANP analysis results, the accessibility criteria for public transportation are relatively getting lower and law and regulation criteria are relatively getting higher.
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