AHP 분석을 통한 UAM 초기상용화 대중수용성 위해요인 분석*

Abstract

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is garnering attention worldwide as a future mobility solution that dramatically reduces travel time without traffic congestion. The South Korean government has developed phased roadmaps including initial (2025-2029), growth (2030-2034), and maturity (2035 onwards) stages, with the aim of achieving commercialization of UAM by 2025 as a national agenda. In line with this, various governmental efforts are underway to establish UAM-related laws, regulations, and infrastructure, as well as to conduct R&D activities. However, there is a lack of research on public acceptance. This study, following a review of public acceptance, examined hazardous factors to the initial commercialization of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) based on a review of prior research on UAM and public acceptance. Furthermore, an advisory group was established for Legal and Regulatory aspects, Infrastructure, Technology and Safety, Environmental and Urban Planning, and Convergence. Following the confirmation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis hierarchy, survey results were analyzed to calculate comprehensive scores. Firstly, the importance values at the first level were as follows: Technology and Safety (31.1905), Legal and Regulatory (24.2857), Infrastructure (22.5238), and Environmental and Urban Planning (22.0000). It was observed that the sectors other than Technology and Safety exhibited relatively similar importance. Examination of the comprehensive scores is as follows: 1) In the Legal & Regulatory sector, the factor of ‘Lack of specific definition and technical standards for UAM facilities and equipment’ ranked second among all 12 items with a score of 0.1178. Additionally, the factor of ‘Lack of specific legal definition for UAM practitioners’ ranked 7th among all 12 items with a score of 0.0720. 2) In the Infrastructure sector, the factor of ‘Low convenience at desired time and place compared to existing modes of transportation’ ranked 4th among all 12 items with a score of 0.1054. However, contrary to expectations, the factor of ‘Lack of competitive pricing due to high fares compared to existing modes of transportation’ was analyzed to rank 9th with a score of 0.0567. 3) In the Technology & Safety sector, the issues of ‘Human and property damage due to UAM vehicle crashes in abnormal situations’ and ‘Operational stability issues due to weather conditions such as visibility and winds (low altitude winds, building winds, mountain winds)’ ranked first and third respectively among all factors, with scores of 0.1518 and 0.1109. 4) In the Environmental & Urban Planning sector, the difficulties in installing vertiports in downtown areas due to ‘Lack of available land (absence of possible site surveys, constraints on other uses during installation)’ and the ‘Negative impact on living environment due to UAM operations (noise, invasion of privacy, landscape degradation)’ were analyzed to rank 5th and 6th respectively among all factors, both falling into the middle range of the overall adverse factors. Additionally, the comprehensive score for the ‘Negative impact on natural environment due to UAM operations (collisions with wildlife such as birds, damage to natural ecosystems)’ was recorded as 0.0316, the lowest among all 12 factors. The significance of this study lies in utilizing AHP analysis to review and derive the importance of factors influencing public acceptance during the initial commercialization phase of UAM, as perceived by the advisory group.