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항공사 객실승무원의 정서노동이 직무소진과삶의 만족에 미치는 영향 -일-가정 균형의 매개효과를 중심으로-

The Effects of Flight Attendants' Emotional Labor on Job Burnout and Life Satisfaction -The Mediating Effects of Work-Family Balance-

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주제분류경영학

초록

본 연구의 목적은 항공사 객실승무원의 정서노동(표면행동, 심층행동)이 직무소진과 삶의 만족에 미치는 영향관계를 일-가정 균형의 매개효과를 통해 검증하는 것이다. 연구 자료는 팀제를 운영하고 있는항공사 객실승무원 328명으로부터 설문지를 통하여 수집하였으며, 분석은 SPSS 및 AMOS를 이용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 객실승무원의 표면행동은 일-가정 균형을 감소시키나 심층행동은일-가정 균형을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 일-가정 균형은 직무소진에 부(-)의 영향을, 삶의 만족에는 정(+)의 영향을 주는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 셋째, 표면행동은 소진을 증가시키고 삶의 만족은 감소시키는반면 심층행동은 직무소진에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못하나 삶의 만족을 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 일-가정 균형은 정서노동과 직무소진 및 삶의 만족을 매개하는 요인으로 작용하는 것으로밝혀졌다. 종합해보면 객실승무원의 지각하는 정서노동 중 표면행동은 일-가정 균형을 저해함으로써직⋅간접적으로 직무소진을 촉진하고 삶의 만족에도 부정적인 영향을 주지만, 심층행동은 일-가정 균형을 통해 직무소진을 간접적으로 감소시키고 삶의 만족에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 객실승무원 조직에서는 객실승무원들이 고객과의 접점에서 표면행동이 아닌 심층행동을 할 수있는 방안을 마련하는 것이 필요하다고 여겨진다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of flight attendants' emotional labor(surface acting, deep acting) on job burnout and life satisfaction through work-life balance. Data is obtained from a survey of 328 flight attendants of a major airline company in South Korea. The results are as follows: Surface acting is negatively correlated with work-family balance but deep acting is positively related with work-family balance. Work-family balance decreases job burnout and increases life satisfaction. Surface acting is associated positively with job burnout but negatively with life satisfaction. However deep acting has only direct influence on life satisfaction. Work-family balance mediates the associations between emotional labor(surface acting, deep acting) and job burnout and life satisfaction. Overall, the study found that emotional labor has positive outcomes as well as negative outcomes.

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