관광산업 생태계 회복력 평가지표 개발

Abstract

The tourism industry in Korea is facing an unprecedented crisis as the number of international tourists and the tourism market shrink due to the global spread of COVID-19. Government blockades have sharply reduced the demand for passenger air transport, which not only endangers many jobs in the tourism industry ecosystem but also threatens the survival of businesses themselves. The longer this situation lasts, the more explosive rebound of the tourism industry would be expected as the environmental impact suppresses the energy of the reaction to be back to the ordinary status. Resilience which is the capability to be recovered from unexpected disasters is the main concern in this research. Considering that there are many sub-sectors in the overall tourism industry, an industry sector that is equipped with resilience can contribute to the tourism industry to be back to normal operations in a rapid manner. Also, the influx of tourists could increase the passengers’ air transport demand. We try to develop an index that can measure the resilience of the ecosystem of the overall tourism industry. To identify the meaningful measurement and its relative importance among the suggested criteria, a focus group interview and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) towards the industry experts had been applied. We classify the tourism industry into four sub-industry groups and define indicators from an industrial․social․economic perspective, and grasp the importance of each dimension. We adopted the stepwise approach. In the 1st step, the sub-dimensions and their corresponding indicators had been constructed with the hierarchical structure. Then four upper-level questions and three of its lowerlevel indicators had been compared with the pairwise comparison method. Results show that robustness followed by resourcefulness would be the most important factor among the upper-level resilience dimension. Overall results reporting the relative importance among the twelve indicators, sustainable operations, economic loss prevention, resource planning to respond to demand had been highlighted. We raise the awareness of the importance of resilience to be quickly recovered from the unexpected external crisis, and of the evaluation to measure its capacity and capability cannot be overemphasized in the tourism industry.