경력정체와 고객지향성 간의 관계에서 LMX의 조절효과 연구: 항공사 승무원을 중심으로
The Moderating Effect of LMX on the Relationship between Career Plateau and Customer Orientation: Focused on Flight Attendants
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초록
본 연구는 자원보존이론을 기반으로 항공사 승무원이 인식하고 있는 경력정체인 구조적 경력정체, 내용적 경력정체와 고객지향성 간의 관계와 상사-부하직원 교환관계의 질(LMX)에 대한 조절역할을이론적 논지와 실증적 검증으로 규명하고 실무적 차원에서 경영관리 방안을 제시하는 데 그 목적을두었다. 코로나 팬데믹 상황에서 항공사 승무원의 눈물겨운 버티기는 현재 진행형이고 항공사 승무원은 고용불안과 더불어 승무원이라는 경력에 회의를 품고 있는 상황이라고 볼 수 있다. 이에 항공사 승무원이 지각하는 구조적 경력정체, 내용적 경력정체의 부정적 효과와 이를 완화시킬 수 있는 경영관리방안을 모색할 필요가 있다고 보았다. 본 연구는 항공사 승무원이 본사 조직과의 직접적 접촉이 상대적으로 적은 반면 기내라는 제한된 공간에서 조직의 대리인인 상사와 오랜 시간을 근무한다는 측면에서 상사-부하직원 교환관계의 질을 중요한 경영관리 기제로 보았다. 본 연구는 325명의 항공사 승무원자료를 토대로 경력정체인 구조적 경력정체, 내용적 경력정체가 고객지향성에 각각 부정적인 영향을준다는 결과가 나타났다. 또한 구조적 경력정체와 고객지향성 간의 관계에서 LMX의 유의한 조절역할은 나타나지 않은 반면 내용적 경력정체와 고객지향성 간의 관계에서 LMX의 유의한 조절역할은 나타났다. 구체적으로 LMX를 높게 지각할수록 내용적 경력정체가 고객지향성에 미치는 부정적 효과가 완화되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 이론적 논지와 실증적 검증이 함의하는 기업경영의 실무적 시사점과더불어 연구의 한계점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between structural career plateau, content career plateau, and customer orientation and the moderating role of quality of leader-member exchange(LMX) through theoretical and empirical verification based on resource conservation theory. The tearful endurance of flight attendants in the COVID-19 pandemic situation is currently in progress, and the crew appears to be skeptical about their career as flight attendants along with job insecurity. Accordingly, it is necessary to consider management plan that can alleviate the negative effects of structural career plateau and content career plateau perceived by flight attendants. This study focuses on LMX in that flight attendants have little direct contact with the headquarters organization, while they work for a long time with the supervisor as agent of the organization in a limited space called the cabin. Based on the data of 325 flight attendants, this study showed that structural plateau and content career plateau have negative effects on customer orientation, respectively. In addition, while LMX haven’t significantly moderating effect in the relationship between structural career plateau and customer orientation, LMX have significantly moderating effect in the relationship between content career stagnation and customer orientation. Specifically, it was found that the higher the perception of LMX, the less the negative effect of content career plateau on customer orientation. These theoretical arguments and empirical verification provide practical implications for enterprise management, limitations of research.
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