절차적 공정성이 안전보고문화에 미치는 영향과 조직냉소주의의 매개효과: 근무부서 간 다집단 분석
The Impact of Procedural Justice on Safety Reporting Culture and The Mediating Effect of Orgarnizational Cynicism: Multi group Analysis by Working Department
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
항공업에서의 안전사고는 큰 피해로 이어지는 파국적 결과를 가져올 수 있다. 따라서, 안전사고의 예방에 많은 노력을 기울여야 함은 자명하다. 기술적 결함에서 안전사고의 원인을 찾던 시기를 지나 2000년대 이후, 안전사고의 원인으로 인적요소가 대두되면서 조직문화 차원에서 안전 문제를 점검하기 시작했다. 이 과정에서 안전사고를 예방하는 데 있어 안전보고문화가 핵심적인 요소로 꼽히었다. 이러한 안전보고문화를 증진하기 위해서는 조직 구성원들이 안전 문제와 관련한 이슈를 보고했을 때 적절한 대우를 받을 것이라는 기대 즉, 공정함에 대한 인식을 가지는 것이 필수적이다. 더하여 안전보고문화는 조직에 대한 애정과 믿음이 전제되어야 하는데, 구성원들이 조직에 대해 부정 정서를 느끼거나 회의적인 태도를 보이는 조직문화를 가지고 있다면 안전보고문화를 높이는데 장애물이 될 것이다. 따라서, 안전보고문화에 긍정적 혹은 부정적 영향을 미치는 조직 문화적 특성이 무엇이고, 요소 간의 관계를 살펴보는 것이 중요한 과제라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 항공업에서 절차적 공정성이 조직냉소주의와 안전보고문화에 미치는 영향을 확인하고 근무부서에 따른 차이가 있는지 밝히는 데 있다. 이에 따라 절차적 공정성과 안전보고문화의 관계를 살피고, 조직냉소주의의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 그리고 다집단 분석을 통해 근무부서에 따라 절차적 공정성과 안전 보고문화 간의 관계에서 다른 양상을 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 근무부서의 구분은 관리부서와 현장부서로 나누었으며 관리부서의 경우 기획, 여객, 화물의 하위부서로 구성하였으며 현장부서는 캐빈, 정비, 운항의 하위부서로 구성하였다. 국내 모 항공사의 종사자 526명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS 26과 AMOS 26을 사용하여 변인의 타당성을 확인하고 매개효과 및 다집단 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 절차적 공정성이 안전보고문화에 미치는 영향이 유의미하고, 조직냉소주의가 안전보고문화에 미치는 영향 및 매개효과 또한 유의미한 것으로 검증되었다. 조직냉소주의의 매개효과는 부분매개효과를 보였다. 더하여, 관리부서보다 현장부서 구성원에게서 절차적 공정성이 냉소주의에 미치는 영향이 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구에서 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 실무적인 시사점과 한계점 그리고 추후 연구 방향을 제안하였다.
Abstract
Safety accidents in the aviation industry can lead to catastrophic consequences leading to great damage. Therefore, it is obvious that much effort should be made to prevent safety accidents. After the period of searching for the cause of safety accidents in technical defects, after the 2000s, as the human factor emerged as a cause of safety accidents, safety problems began to be checked at the level of organizational culture. In this process, safety reporting culture was selected as a key factor in preventinf safety accidents. The purpose of this study was to exmaine the impact of precedural justice in the aviation industry on organizational cynicism and safety reporting culture, and to investigate whether there are differences depending of the work department. The study examined the relationship between procedural justice and safety reporting culture, and verified the mediating effect of organizational cynicism. Furthermore, using multi-gruop analysis, the study confirmed that there are different patterns depending on the work department. Data was collected from 526 employees of an Airlines in Korea, and the validity of the variables was confirmed using SPSS 26 and AMOS 26. Mediating effects and multi-group analysis were conducted. The results showed that procedural justice has a significant impact on safety reporting culutre, and the mediating effect of organizational cynicism was also significant. There was partial mediating effect of organizational cynicism. In addition, the impact of procedural justice on cynicism was found to be stronger among frontline workers than among administrative department members. Based on these results, practical implications, limitations, and future research directions were suggested in this study.
참고문헌 (92)
- 강윤진, "안전보고 문화가 복행관련 의사소통에 미치는 영향: 조종사 계급에 따라 달라지는 부정적 감정의 매개효과", 한국항공경영학회지, 21(2), pp.101~118 (2023), 한국항공경영학회[DOI]
- 권중생, "조직공정성, 혁신저항 및 방어적 행동의 관계", 조직과 인사관리연구, 25(1), pp.425~452 (2001)
- 김도현, "항공사 정비인력이 인식하는 공정성과 조직몰입의 관계에서 조직신뢰의 매개역할", 한국항공경영학회지, 8(4), pp.151~165 (2010), 한국항공경영학회
- 김송이, "객실승무원의 안전교육훈련과 안전의식 및 안전문화의 상관관계", 석사, pp.2020
- 박지영, "인공지능의 유능함에 대한 인식이 직장인의 직무불안정성과 냉소주의에 미치는 영향: 일의 의미의 조절된 매개효과", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 33(2), pp.145~175 (2020), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
- 방인식, "코칭리더십이 조직냉소주의에 미치는 영향 : 심리적 계약위반의 매개효과와 공감의 조절된 매개효과", 기업경영연구, 29(3), pp.147~180 (2022), 한국기업경영학회
- 서영석, "상담심리 연구에서 매개효과와 조절효과 검증: 개념적 구분 및 자료 분석 시 고려 사항", 한국심리학회지: 상담 및 심리치료, 22(4), pp.1147~1168 (2010), 한국상담심리학회
- 양동민, "조직공정성 지각이 심리적 계약위반, 조직몰입 및 일탈행동에 미치는 영향 : LMX 및 CWX의 조절효과 검증", 기업경영연구, 27(6), pp.23~53 (2020), 한국기업경영학회
- 윤한영, "항공사 종사자의 안전문화 인식이 서비스 품질과 서비스 효능감에 미치는 영향 연구 : 인천국제공항지점 근무자를 중심으로", 한국산학기술학회논문지, 20(5), pp.520~529 (2019), 한국산학기술학회[DOI]
- 이원준, "서비스 기업의 안전지향 리더십이 구성원의 안전 관리 행동 및 지각된 성과에 미치는 영향 연구 - 국내 항공 산업을 중심으로", 한국항공경영학회지, 2(1), pp.120~135 (2004)
- 이진실, "매개변인이 포함된 구조방정식모형에서 공변인 통제를 위한 모형설정 방법 비교: 모의실험 연구", 한국청소년연구, 30(3), pp.5~32 (2019), 한국청소년정책연구원[DOI]
- 인묘환, "절차공정성이 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향: 조직몰입의 매개효과와 조직문화특성의 조절효과", 기업경영연구, 21(4), pp.227~252 (2014), 한국기업경영학회
- 전정호, "절차적 공정성이 조직몰입과 조직시민행동에 미치는 영향 - 개인주의성향과 권력거리성향의 조절효과를 중심으로 -", 인적자원관리연구, 23(5), pp.27~47 (2016), 한국인적자원관리학회
- 천문종, "항공안전자율보고제도의 활성화 방안에 대한 고찰", 석사, pp.2022
- 한정원, "조종사의 안전행동을 예측하는 조직의 안전문화와 개인의 안전태도 및 안전동기 간의 관계: 공군 부대와 조종사를 대상으로 한 다층자료 분석", 한국심리학회지: 산업 및 조직, 22(1), pp.109~129 (2009), 한국산업및조직심리학회[DOI]
- 한주원, "조직공정성 및 조직정치지각이 구성원의 조직냉소주의, 혁신저항, 창의성에 미치는 영향 : 조직침묵의 매개효과", 비서·사무경영연구, 27(3), pp.109~133 (2018), 한국비서학회[DOI]
- Abraham, R, "Organizational cynicism: Bases and consequences", Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs, 126(3), pp.269~ (2000)
- Adjekum, D. K., "Development of a generative voluntary safety reporting culture (GVSRC) model for the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) oil and gas (O and G) sector using attributes of the aviation safety action program (ASAP)", Safety science, 161 (2023)
- Ahmadpour-Geshlagi, R., "Investigating barriers to accident precursor reporting in East Azerbaijan Province Gas Company from the perspective of HSE officers: a qualitative study", International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(4), pp.2623~2630 (2022)
- Ajzen, I, "Attitude-behavior relations: A theoretical analysis and review of empirical research", Psychological Bulletin, 84(5), pp.888~
- Andersson, L. M, "Employee cynicism : An examination using a contract violation framework", Human relations, 49(11), pp.1395~1418 (1996)
- Anjum, M. A., "Counterproductive behavior at work : A comparison of blue collar and white collar workers", Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 7(3), pp.417~434 (2013)
- Ashford, S. J., "Out on a limb: The role of context and impression management in selling gender-equity issues", Administrative Science Quarterly, pp.23~57 (1998)
- Bashir, S., "Breach of psychological contract, perception of politics and organizational cynicism : Evidence from Pakistan", African Journal of Business Management, 5(3), pp.884~ (2011)
- Bernerth, J. B., "Justice, cynicism, and commitment : A study of important organizational change variables", The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 43(3), pp.303~326 (2007)
- Blegen, M. A., "Patient and staff safety : voluntary reporting", American Journal of Medical Quality, 19(2), pp.67~74 (2004)
- Bos, K. V. D, "Fundamental research by means of laboratory experiments", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 58(2), pp.254~259 (2001)
- Bottani, E., "Safety management systems : Performance differences between adopters and non-adopters", Safety Science, 47(2), pp.155~162 (2009)
- Cartwright, S., "The meaning of work : The challenge of regaining employee engagement and reducing cynicism", Human Resource Management Review, 16(2), pp.199~208 (2006)
- Chang, Y. -H., "The effect of aviation safety education on passenger cabin safety awareness", Safety Science, 47(10), pp.1337~1345 (2009)
- Cobb, A. T., "Who Delivers Justice? Source Perceptions of Procedural Fairness", Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(12), pp.1021~1040 (1997)
- Coquelle, J. J., "Safety culture and quality system", IAEA, 27(13) (1995)
- Colquitt, J. A, "On the dimensionality of organizational justice : a construct validation of a measure", Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), pp.386~ (2001)
- Cooper, M. D, "Towards a model of safety culture", Safety science, 36(2), pp.111~136 (2000)
- Cropanzano, R., "Using social exchange theory to distinguish procedural from interactional justice", Group and Organization Management, 27(3), pp.324~351 (2002)
- Darveau, K., "Barriers and facilitators to voluntary reporting and their impact on safety culture", The International Journal of Aerospace Psychology, 27(3-4), pp.92~108 (2017)
- De Cremer, D., "The effects of trust in authority and procedural fairness on cooperation", Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(3), pp.639~ (2007)
- De Cremer, D., "How do leaders promote cooperation? The effects of charisma and procedural fairness", Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(5), pp.858~ (2002)
- De Cremer, D., "‘The less I trust, the less I contribute(or not)?’ The effects of trust, accountability and self-monitoring in social dilemmas", European Journal of Social Psychology, 31(1), pp.93~107 (2001)
- De Cremer, D., "Managing cooperation via procedural fairness : The mediating influence of self-other merging", Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(3), pp.393~406 (2005)
- Dean Jr, J. W., "Organizational cynicism", Academy of Management Review, 23(2), pp.341~352 (1998)
- "Aviation jobs: The complete guide" (2017)[URL]
- Dekker, S. W., "‘Just culture : ’ Improving safety by achieving substantive, procedural and restorative justice", Safety Science, 85, pp.187~193 (2016)
- Demerouti, E., "Burnout and work engagement : A thorough investigation of the independency of both constructs", Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(3), pp.209~222 (2010)
- Dutton, J. E., "Red light, green light: Making sense of the organizational context for issue selling", Organization Science, 13(4), pp.355~369 (2002)
- Edmondson, A. C, "The local and variegated nature of learning in organizations: A group-level perspective", Organization Science, 13(2), pp.128~146 (2002)
- Elovainio, M., "Organizational justice: evidence of a new psychosocial predictor of health", American Journal of Public Health, 92(1), pp.105~108 (2002)
- FitzGerald, M. R, "Organizational cynicism: Its relationship to perceived organizational injustice and explanatory style", pp.2002
- Flin, R., "Measuring safety climate: identifying the common features", Safety Science, 34(1-3), pp.177~192 (2000)
- Folger, R., "Effects of procedural and distributive justice on reactions to pay raise decisions", Academy of Management Journal, 32(1), pp.115~130 (1989)
- Frazier, C. B., "A hierarchical factor analysis of a safety culture survey", Journal of Safety Research, 45, pp.15~28 (2013)
- Gao, Y., "Safety climate of a commercial airline : A cross-sectional comparison of four occupational groups", Journal of Air Transport Management, 47, pp.162~171 (2015)
- Gao, Y., "Safety climate of commercial pilots: The effect of pilot ranks and employment experiences", Journal of Air Transport Management, 30, pp.17~24 (2013)
- Gao, Y., "The dynamics between voluntary safety reporting and commercial aviation accidents", Safety Science, 141, pp.105351~ (2021)
- Gibbons, A. M., "Development and initial validation of a survey for assessing safety culture within commercial flight operations", The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 16(2), pp.215~238 (2006)
- Gill, G. K., "Perceptions of safety management and safety culture in the aviation industry in New Zealand", Journal of Air Transport Management, 10(4), pp.231~237 (2004)
- Graham, A., "Willingness to report crime to the police : Traditional crime, cybercrime, and procedural justice", Policing : An International Journal, 43(1), pp.1~16 (2020)
- Hudson, P, "Achieving a safety culture for aviation", Journal of Aviation Management, 3(1), pp.27~47 (2003)
- Johnson, J. L., "The effects of psychological contract breach and organizational cynicism: Not all social exchange violations are created equal", Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24(5), pp.627~647 (2003)
- Kingston, M. J., "Attitudes of doctors and nurses towards incident reporting : a qualitative analysis", Medical Journal of Australia, 181(1), pp.36~39 (2004)
- Korsgaard, M. A., "Building commitment, attachment, and trust in strategic decision-making teams : The role of procedural justice", Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), pp.60~84 (1995)
- Li, F., "Expecting the worst : Moderating effects of social cynicism on the relationships between relationship conflict and negative affective reactions", Journal of Business and Psychology, 26, pp.339~345 (2011)
- Lind, E. A., "The social psychology of procedural justice" (1988), Springer Science and Business Media
- Luo, Y, "How important are shared perceptions of procedural justice in cooperative alliances?", Academy of Management Journal, 48(4), pp.695~709 (2005)
- Major, B, "Equity and justice in social behavior" (1982), Academic Press
- McFarlin, D. B., "Distributive and procedural justice as predictors of satisfaction with personal and organizational outcomes", Academy of management Journal, 35(3), pp.626~637 (1992)
- Mearns, K., "Development of a methodology for understanding and enhancing safety culture in Air Traffic Management", Safety Science, 53, pp.123~133 (2013)
- Mishra, A. K., "Explaining how survivors respond to downsizing : The roles of trust, empowerment, justice, and work redesign", Academy of Management Review, 23(3), pp.567~588 (1998)
- Nafei, W, "Job attitudes as a mediator of the relationship between organizational cynicism and organizational citizenship behavior : An applied study on teaching hospital in Egypt", International Journal of Business Administration, 5(1), pp.31~52 (2014)
- Naumann, S. E., "A case for procedural justice climate : Development and test of a multilevel model", Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), pp.881~889 (2000)
- Naveh, E., "Readiness to report medical treatment errors: the effects of safety procedures, safety information, and priority of safety", Medical Care, 44(2), pp.117~123 (2006)
- Nielsen, K. J., "The prevention of occupational injuries in two industrial plants using an incident reporting scheme", Journal of Safety Research, 37(5), pp.479~486 (2006)
- O’Leary, M., "Confidential incident reporting systems create vital awareness of safety problems", ICAO Journal, 51(8), pp.11~13 (1996)
- Olkkonen, M. E., "Relationships between organizational justice, identification with organization and work unit, and group-related outcomes", Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100(2), pp.202~215 (2006)
- Patankar, M. S., "Human factors in aviation" (2010), Academic Press
- Pidgeon, N, "Safety culture : key theoretical issues", Work and Stress, 12(3), pp.202~216 (1998)
- Reason, J, "Safety paradoxes and safety culture", Injury Control and Safety Promotion, 7(1), pp.3~14 (2000)
- Reichers, A. E., "Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change", Academy of Management Perspectives, 11(1), pp.48~59 (1997)
- Reis, H. T, "Levels of interest in the study of interpersonal justice, Justice in social relations" (1986), Plenum press
- Rubin, M., "Identifying safety culture and safety climate variables that predict reported risk-taking among Australian coal miners: An exploratory longitudinal study", Safety Science, 123 (2020)
- Tata, J, "Influence of role and gender on the use of distributive versus procedural justice principles", The Journal of Psychology, 134(3), pp.261~268 (2000)
- Tayfur, O., "The mediating effects of emotional exhaustion cynicism and learned helplessness on organizational justice-turnover intentions linkage", International Journal of Stress Management, 20(3), pp.193~ (2013)
- Thibaut, J. W, "Procedural justice: A psychological analysis" (1975), L. Erlbaum Associates
- Toppinen-Tanner, S., "The process of burnout in white-collar and blue-collar jobs: eight-year prospective study of exhaustion", Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 23(5), pp.555~570 (2002)
- Tyler, T. R, "Social justice : Outcome and procedure", International Journal of Psychology, 35(2), pp.117~125 (2000)
- Van den Bos, K., "When do we need procedural fairness? The role of trust in authority", Journal of Personality and social Psychology, 75(6), pp.1449~ (1998)
- Van Knippenberg, D, "Work motivation and performance : A social identity perspective", Applied Psychology, 49(3), pp.357~371 (2000)
- Van Knippenberg, D., "A social identity model of leadership effectiveness in organizations", Research in Organizational Behavior, 25, pp.243~295 (2003)
- Van Vugt, M., "Cooperation in modern society, Promoting the welfare of communities, states and organizations" (2000), Routledge
- Velazquez, J., "SMS education in accredited undergraduate collegiate aviation programs", International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace, 2(2), pp.2~ (2015)
- The safety culture indicator scale measurement system, "Von Thaden, T. L.", National Technical Information Service, ~ (2008)
- Systematic Literature Review of Safety Management Systems in Aviation Maintenance Operations, "Zimmermann, N.", Human-Automation Interaction, ~ (2023)
