안전보고 문화가 복행관련 의사소통에 미치는 영향: 조종사 계급에 따라 달라지는 부정적 감정의 매개효과
The Impact of Safety Reporting Culture on go-around Communication in the Cockpit: The Differential Mediating Role of Negative Emotions by Pilot Rank
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초록
복행은 항공 안전사고와 관련된 주요 의사결정이며 전략임에도 불구하고 복행과 관련된 연구는 제대로 이루어지지 않고 있다. 복행에 대한 의사결정 관련 규칙은 법과 항공 당국의 가이드라인을 따르고 있으나 조종사는 결국 자신의 판단에 기초하여 복행 결정을 하게 된다. 따라서 복행과 같은 조종사의 안전행동에는 조직의 안전문화, 특히 안전보고문화가 중요한 역할을 할 수 있으며, 조직의 안전보고문화는 다양한 방식으로 안전행동에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 안전문화와 복행과 같은 안전행동 간의 관계에서 작용하는 매개변인에 대해서는 주로 인지적 요인들이 제기되어 왔으나 감정의 역할을 다룬 연구는 거의 없는 상황이다. 감정은 불확실성이 높고 위급한 상황에서 의사결정이나 안전행동에 직접적인 영향을 미칠 가능성이 높으며, 하나의 감정이 아니라 다양한 감정이 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 본 연구는 조종실에서 영향을 미칠 수 있는 안전보고문화가 복행관련 의사소통에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지를 알아보고, 이 관계에서 부정적 감정이 매개역할을 하는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 아울러 조종사의 계급별로 매개역할을 하는 부정적 감정의 유형이 다른지도 알아보고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 병렬다중매개모델을 계급별로 검증하였다(기장과 부기장). 국내 민간 항공사에 속해있는 373명이 연구에 참가하였으며 그 중 불성실한 답변을 한 데이터를 제외한 363명의 데이터가 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 분석 결과, 상관분석에서는 부기장집단에서만 안전보고문화와 바람직한 복행관련 의사소통간의 관계가 유의하였다. 매개분석에서는 안전보고문화가 복행관련 의사소통에 미치는 영향이 부정적 감정에 의해 매개되는 간접효과만 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 안전보고문화는 복행을 해야 할 것 같은 불확실한 상황에서 발생하는 부정적 감정을 약화시켰으며, 이는 다시 바람직한 복행 관련 의사소통을 촉진시키는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 이러한 부정적 감정의 매개효과는 계급에 따라 다른 것으로 나타났는데, 기장 집단에서는 분노 관련 감정만이, 부기장 집단에서는 두려움 관련 감정만이 매개효과를 갖는 것으로 확인되었다. 상기한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 이론적, 실무적 함의점과 제한점, 향후 연구 방향에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
A go-around is an important decision-making strategy adopted by pilots and is essential for flight safety. Both cognition and the effects of the emotions pilots experience are important for short-term decision- making, such as in a go-around. Yet little attention has been paid to this critical process. This study tested a parallel multiple mediation model in which different categories of negative emotions were assessed in terms of their ability to mediate the relationship between safety reporting culture and pilots’ go-around communication to assess possible differences in the impact of negative emotions by pilot rank(captain vs. copilot). We collected self-reported data from 363 pilots for a commercial South Korean airline, using offline training sessions. The results show that safety reporting culture has indirect effects on go-around communication mediated by the negative emotions pilots experience in unstable flight situations. Evidence was also found of emotional differences depending on pilot rank. For captains, the negative emotion of anger mediated the relationship between safety reporting culture and go-around communication, but safety reporting culture had only indirect effects on copilots’ go-around communication, which was mediated only by the negative emotion of anxiety. Theoretical and managerial implications of our findings and future research directions are discussed.
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