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COVID-19 팬데믹 초기에 발표된 항공산업 관련 연구

A Review of Aviation Industry Research in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic

김지희|고정주
한국항공경영학회 (Aviation Management Society Of Korea)|2023.10|한국항공경영학회지 (Journal of the Aviation Management Society of Korea)|제21권 제5호|pp. 129-148|DOI 10.30529/amsok.2023.21.5.007

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키워드

COVID-19기업전략Business Strategy항공산업Aviation Industry산업적 영향Industrial Impact
주제분류경영학

초록

COVID-19로 인해 세계 모든 국가에서 사회적 거리 두기가 이루어지면서 이동을 주목적으로 하는 항공 산업의 경우 심각한 어려움을 겪었다. 본 연구는 COVID-19가 항공 산업에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지를 살펴보기 위해 사회적 거리두기가 가장 심각했던 2020년부터 2021년 5월까지 항공산업과 관련된 어떤 연구가 진행되었는지를 분석하였다. COVID-19, Aviation industry를 주제어로 항공산업과 관련된 해외 학술지 논문들을 구글 학술 검색으로 탐색하여 의미있는 59편의 논문을 분석하였다. 관련 연구를 주제 분야별로 구분하면, 외부 요인(66%), 전략(24%), 내부 역량(10%)의 분포였고, 연구 대상별로 구분하면 57편(97%)이 항공사에 대한 연구였으며, 2편(3%)만 공항을 대상으로 연구하였다. 항공사 대상 중 32편(54%)에 해당하는 논문들이 특정 업무나 분야로 제한하지 않고 항공사 전반에 관해 연구했고, 여객에 관한 연구는 22편(37%), 화물에 관한 연구는 3편(5%)이었다. 연구 지역별 분류에서는 36편(61%)이 특정 지역이 아닌 전 세계 항공사를 대상으로 한 연구였다. 문헌 연구에서는 다음과 같은 내용이 도출되었다. 첫째, 팬데믹 초기에는 COVID-19로 인한 외부환경 변화가 산업적으로 어떤 영향을 미칠 것인지에 관한 연구가 주류를 이루었다. 둘째, 여객의 경우 이동 제한으로 장거리 구간 위주로 운영하던 FSC가 단거리 중심의 LCC보다 상대적으로 더 큰 어려움을 겪었다. 그러나 FSC는 화물 비중이 높아 역설적으로 경영 전반에 상쇄 효과가 있었다. 셋째, 산업 생태계를 보존하기 위한 규제와 지원이 이루어져야 한다는 맥락의 논의가 적극적으로 제기되었다. 넷째, COVID-19로 인해 고객 인식과 항공사의 다양한 위험회피 전략에 관한 연구가 이루어졌다. 초기 연구에서 빅데이터를 활용한 고객 자료수집이 이루어졌는데, 이러한 추세는 향후의 연구에서도 계속 이어질 것으로 예견된다. 마지막으로기업내부역량에 대한 접근은 가장 영향을 많이 받은 인력 및 재무 분야에 관한 논의가 주를 이루었으나, 초기 단계의 연구는 제한적이었다.

Abstract

As COVID-19 caused social distancing all over the world, firms in the aviation industry has suffered serious management difficulties. The purpose of this study was to review research the various impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on the aviation industry. This study reviewed the meaningful 59 academic papers published from 2020 to May 2021 including “COVID-19” and “Aviation industry” as a keyword. We categorized the reviewed papers by three criteria: Classification by main theme, object of study, research area. In terms of main theme, 66% of the reviewed paper examine external factors, 24% for strategy, and 10% for internal capabilities. In terms of object of study, 97% were studies on airlines, and only 3% were studies on airports. In terms of research area, 61% of the reviewed paper were conducted on airlines around the world, not in specific regions. Based on the literature review, we drew out the implications five parts. First, in the early stages of the pandemic, research on how changes in the external environment due to COVID-19 would affect the industry was the mainstream. Second, due to travel restrictions in the airline’s passenger business, FSCs, which mainly operated long-haul routes, suffered relatively greater difficulties than LCCs. Third, research claimed that government-level regulations and supports to preserve the industrial ecosystem are required. Fourth, COVID-19 has led to research on customer perception and airlines’ various risk-aversion strategies. In early research, customer data was collected using big data, and this trend is expected to continue in future research. Finally, research on corporate internal capabilities has mainly focused on workforce reduction. Although most firms in aviation industry were severely affected financially, research on this area was limited.

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