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항공사의 사회적 책임경영(CSR)에 관한 문헌연구

Corporate Social Responsibility of Airline: A Review of the Literature

김지희|김경희
한국항공경영학회 (Aviation Management Society Of Korea)|2021.12|한국항공경영학회지 (Journal of the Aviation Management Society of Korea)|제19권 제6호|pp. 71-94|DOI 10.30529/amsok.2021.19.6.005

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참고문헌

키워드

지속가능보고서항공사 CSRairline’s CSRsustainable report
주제분류경영학

초록

지속가능성을 높이려는 기업의 관심이 고조되고 있으며, 특히 기업의 사회적 책임을 투자의 관점에서 바라보는 ESG가 기업 경영의 중요한 이슈로 부각되고 있다. 코로나 상황으로 인해 큰 위기에 직면했던 항공 산업 또한 사회적 책임 차원에서 새로운 경영전략이 필요한 시기이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 항공사 CSR에 관한 연구들을 수집하고 분석하여 향후 연구 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 본 연구의 분석 대상은 2000년부터 2020년까지 해외 학술지에 등재된 논문 중 구글 학술 검색을 통해 airline CSR, airline sustainability 검색어로 찾아진 66편의 논문들이다. 수집된 논문은 첫째, CSR 유형별로 경제(14%), 사회(26%), 환경(18%), 보고서(23%), CSR 종합(19%)으로 분류하였다. 분류 결과 2000년대 초기에는 경제 관련 논문이 많았으나 점차 사회와 환경 관련 연구가 많아지고 있다. 그리고 CSR이 재무성과(경제)에 미치는 영향과 이해관계자(사회, 환경)들에게 미치는 영향을 다룬 연구들에서 CSR의 긍정적 역할을 보여주는 결과가 증가하는 추세이다. 항공사의 보고서는 환경 문제에서 보다 광범위한 사회적 책임 개념을 포함하는 지속가능보고서로 진화하고 있다. 둘째, 연구 주제별로 구분해 보면, CSR을선행요인(47%)으로 인식하는 연구에 비해 후행요인(53%)으로 인식하는 연구가 조금 많았다. 연구방법의 경우 실증연구(58%)가 사례연구(42%)보다 많았다. 경제와 사회, 환경 관련 논문의 경우 CSR이 이해관계자 또는 기업에 미치는 영향을 다룬 실증연구가 많았고, CSR 보고서와 종합분야는 CSR의 동기요인과 선행 조건, 이해관계자들의 인식 등을 다루는 선행요인을 연구한 사례연구가 다수였다. 본 연구는 항공사 CSR 관련 연구 성과를 객관적으로 파악할 수 있게 하고 향후 연구 방향 설정에 도움을 준다는 의의를 지닌다. 코로나 이후 환경과 안전에 대한 인식이 높아져서 환경적 지속가능성 연구들이증가하고 있는 추세이나, 향후에는 환경을 비롯하여 사회적 활동과 기업의 지배구조까지 아우르는ESG 관련 연구들이 이어질 것으로 기대한다.

Abstract

Global efforts to increase environmental sustainability have been strengthened since COVID-19 and ESG including concept of investment is becoming a hot issue. Airlines need a new social responsible management to overcome the COVID-19 crisis. The purpose of this study is to review research on CSR among airlines and to explore the management strategy of airlines facing the post-COVID. This study reviewed a total of 66 academic papers published from 2000 to 2020 including “airline CSR” and “airline sustainability” as a key word. We categorized the reviewed academic papers by five criteria: economic, social, environment, sustainability report, and CSR general. Based on the literature review, this study summarizes three things: first, 14% of the reviewed papers discuss economic, 26% for social, 18% for environment, 23% for sustainability report and 19% for CSR general. The interest in research is shifting from economy to environment. Also, there is an increasing number of studies concluding the positive impact of CSR among the papers related to the impact on financial performance (economic) and stakeholders (social,environment). Airline reports are evolving from environmental issues to sustainability reports that include a broader concept of social responsibility. Second, 31(47%) papers investigate the motivation and 35(53%) papers investigate the effect of CSR. Comparing the research method, the empirical analysis (58%) and case analysis (42%) are adopted in the study. Most of papers related to economic/social/environment studied the CSR effect and adopted the empirical analysis, while most of the sustainability report/CSR general studied the motivation and adopted case analysis. This study is meaningful in that it reviews the research achievements of airlines' CSR and suggests future research directions. As awareness of the environment and safety has increased since the COVID-19, research on environmental sustainability is increasing. As the study of airline’s CSR has evolved, more academic research on ESG is expected.

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