진천 평산 신씨 노비 가족의 존재양상 -노비의 결혼과 가계 계승을 중심으로-

Abstract

The article examines the presence of slaves and their families based on the family registration data of the Pyeongsan Shin's family. The family's slaves totaled 1,538, and by the early 18th century, they owned about 200～300 slaves, but the number had decreased significantly since then to only one during the late 19th century. Among these slaves, household slave was 385(25.0%), outside-resident slave was 734(47.4%), and fugitive slave 418(27.3%). Public slaves were significantly reduced in connection with the draft dodging due to the drudgery of Sogogun(束伍軍) in the mid-18th century amid the collapse of control and a change in the hereditary principle. The gender ratio was male slave 749(48.8%), compared with female slave of 788(51.2%), and 16 to 50 years old slaves were 737(47.9%) and slaves over 51 and under the age of 15 was 15.0% and 13.3% respectively. Slaves wedding patterns can be inferred as the identity of the parent. Among the side of father who is slave(奴), private slave was 395(25.7%), male slaves was 151(9.8%), Ban slave(班奴) was 90(5.9%), an ordinary people were 94(6.1%). Among the side of mother was a female slave(婢), Ban slave was 660(42.9%), and female slave and private slave(私婢) were 274(17.8 %). Yangcheongyohon(Their marriage rate between the common people and the lower classes) was 188(12.2%), lower than that of other households, but they were 55.1% including Ban slave. The age of their first childbirth was 6 years earlier than that of their owners' average age of 30.4. There were 182 slave families identified from the seven references that listed a lot of slaves. By generation type, a family that consists of parents and children was more than half of slave families, 102(56.4%), followed by the first generation 65(35.9%), the third generation 13(7.2%) and the fourth generation only 1. This meant that slaves’ family was unstable, whose family usually was led to matriarchal groups. Slaves’ family form depended on the way its owner had it. A family consisted of only 1 member was 226(53.3%), more than half of the 424 combined family type. This meant that many slaves at that time were separated by division of succession, dealing, resulted in living alone. The number of family consisting of parents and unmarried singles was 86(20.3%), a collateral family 69(16.3%), stem family 15(3.5%), and that of consisting of only siblings in a transition period 28(66%). It was confirmed by four year data on whether the families continued to exist in the next generation and the time. When comparing Shin Gye’s two Junhogu(准戶口, 1669․1693) 17(51.5%) out of 33 households maintained. Also, when comparing with that of Shin Hang(1705), they was lasted 16(27.6%) among 58 households. Afterwards, they didn’t exist at all, resulting in an average consistency of 22.2%. It is also a matter of ownership of the owners' slaves, the practice of inheritance and the number of inheritees, but it also shows the instability of the members of the slaves' family at the time and the fragility of the family's sustainability.