미국 Hawaii대학 소장 准戶口 寫本을 통해 본 18세기 중엽 通津府 거주 昌寧 成氏 일가의 소유 노비 양태 －해외 소재 ‘동아시아한국학’ 자료의 조사 및 분석－

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to research and introduce some materials on Korean studies which are held abroad, and to get historical understanding by studying them. The author gives a brief introduction to a book named Hojeokbusa (戶籍簿寫) which is in the possession of the Library at the University of Hawaii. He selects the “Extract of Family Registers, Sung Gyu-Hae, Tongjin, 1765” among eighty-eight family registers and examines the three hundreds and forty-five servants listed in it. First of all, the data divided the servants owned by the Changnyeong Sung Family into three categories：live-in, live-out, and runaway. Among them, live-in accounted for about 25%, live-out about 65%, and runaway about 10%. Males accounted for about 52% and females about 48%. It is likely that the sex ratio was relatively balanced. The live-out servants lived all over the country except Hamgyeong Province. They lived in a total of fifteen areas：three towns in Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Jeolla Provinces respectively, two in Gyeongsang and Hwanghae Provinces respectively, and one in Gangwon and Pyeongan Provinces respectively. Especially, about 43% of all live-out servants lived together in Gangneung. This shows that the members of Changnyeong Sung Family lived in Tongjin had a special connection to Gangneung. The data shows that the average age of the all servants was about forty-five years old. It was forty-three for men and forty-seven for women. It was thirty-one for live-in servants (twenty-nine for men and thirty-three for women), fifty-one for live-out servants (forty-nine for men and fifty-four for women), and forty-eight for runaway servants (forty-two for men and sixty for women). Female servants were older than male servants. Regarding the age distribution, the youngest (live-in) was three years old and the oldest (live-out and runaway) were ninety-two years old. 13.3% were in their teens, 11.3% in their 20s, 10.7% in their 50s, 10.1% in their 30s, 9.5% in their 40s, 8.6% in their 60s, 8.3% in their 70s, 5.3% in their 80s, 1.8% were under the age of 10, and 1.5% were in their 90s. It was stated that the ages of the sixty-six servants were unknown. Sixty-three (96%) of them were all live-out servants except three live-in servants. It must have been difficult for their owners to determine the age of them living far away. On the contrary, ages of the runaway servants were all stated. It shows that their owners made clear that they belonged to the Changnyeong Sung Family lived in Tongjin. Regarding marriages of the servants, 70% of them were same-class marriages and 30% of them were interclass marriages. About 23% were a marriage of two servants both belonged to Sung Gyu-Hae, about 46% were a marriage of Sung Gyu-Hae’s servant and a servant owned by others, about 10% were a marriage of a male servant and a female commoner, and about 21% were a marriage of a female servant and male commoner. Finally, about 86% of the servants were in familial relations. It shows that servants owned by the noble families in the later period of Joseon were in familial relations. However, the familial relationship between live-in servants and live-out servants was not confirmed. This suggests that in the 18th century, Sung Gyu-Hae's family managed servants by separating them by ministry type.