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우리나라 기업의 이익관리유형과 기업지배구조의 영향

Types of earnings management and the effect of corporate governance practices: Evidence from Korea

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초록

본 연구에서는 우리나라 기업들의 이익관리가 경영자의 이기적인 목적을 위한 기회주의적인 행위에 의해 수행되는지(기회주의적 이익관리), 아니면 효율적인 계약에 따라 이익의 정보성을 향상시키기 위해 기업의 미래경영성과에 관한 경영자의 사적정보를 전달하는 행위에 의해 수행되는지(효율적 이익관리)를 우리나라 상장기업을 대상으로 조사한다. 그리고 이와 관련하여 기업지배구조(대주주 지분율, 외국인 지분율, 감사품질, 사외이사 비율, 감사위원회)가 이익관리 유형에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 알아본다. 분석 결과, 우리나라 상장기업들의 이익관리는 대체로 효율적인 이익관리의 형태로 이루어지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 증거는 이익관리가 기회주의적이라는 일반적인 예상과는 일치하지 않는 것이다. 그리고 본 연구에서 사용한 기업지배구조변수 중에서 대주주 지분율과 감사품질은 효율적인 이익관리에 기여하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 대주주 지분율이 높을수록, 그리고 감사품질이 높을수록 효율적인 이익관리의 특성이 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 반면에 외국인 지분율, 사외이사 비율, 감사위원회는 이익관리 유형에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다

Abstract

We investigated whether the firms listed on the Korea Stock Exchange implement earnings management efficiently or opportunistically. We further study whether the effect of ownership structure, and corporate-governance practices have impact on the type of earnings management. The results of this study are summarized as follows. Using multiple regressions, we present the empirical evidence that the type of earnings management tends toward the efficient earnings management. This evidence is inconsistent with the common view that earnings management in Korea is opportunistic. Ownership and the type of audit firms have a significant influence on the type of earnings management selected. Firms with a high proportion of majority ownership and firms audited by the Big audit firms(audit quality) are more inclined to choose efficient earnings management than other types of firms. We find inconsistent evidence about the effect of foreigner ownership , the dependent board and audit committee on the type of earnings management.

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