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이익기준점의 미달과 공시지연

The Fail to Meet an Earnings Thresholds and Delay in Quarterly Earnings Announcements

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초록

본 연구는 어떤 기업은 다른 기업보다 실적을 빨리(또는 늦게) 공시하는지를 규명한다. 구체적 으로 실적공시의 적시성에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인으로 이익뉴스의 성격에 주목하고, 악재를 가진 기업은 상대적으로 늦게 공시할 것이란 예측을 확인한다. 실적이 세 가지 기준점(0의 이익, 전년도의 이익, 재무분석가의 예측치)에 미달하는 경우를 악재로 정의하고, 분기실적이 이러한 세 가지 기준점에 미달하는 경우에는 실적공시가 지연될 것으로 예측한다. 이 분석에는 2011년 부터 2015년까지의 기간 중에 공정공시나 수시공시로 분기실적을 공시한 기업들의 분기실적 자 료-총 5,289건의 기업·분기-가 사용되었다. 분석결과 분기실적이 악재일 경우에는 공시지연이 생길 것이란 예측대로 분기실적이 적자인 경우, 전년 동기보다 악화된 경우 또는 재무분석가의 이익예측치에 미달하는 경우에는 보고시차가 유의하게 크다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 이것은 악재보고로 인한 투자자들의 비난을 회피하기 위해 경영자는 이익공시를 지연한다는 것을 의미 한다. 이러한 결과는 호재는 조기에, 악재는 지연 공시됨을 확인한 기존연구들의 주장을 뒷받침 한다. 그 밖에 다음과 같은 사실들이 확인되었다. 첫째, 투자자들의 공시압박이 클수록-주식의 거래규모가 클수록, 외국인투자자의 지분율이 높을수록-공시지연이 작은 것으로 확인되었다. 둘 째, 소송위험이 높은 기업-기술집약형 기업이거나 사외이사비율이 높은 기업-은 공시지연이 작은 것으로 나타났다. 그 밖에 대규모 기업은 공시지연이 작은 반면, 정보비대칭도가 높은 기업 은 공시지연이 큰 것으로 확인되었다.

Abstract

This study discuss a different timeliness in earnings announcements among firms from various industry. We investigate a reason why some firms announce their earnings performance earlier(later) than other firms. We focuss on the nature of earnings news as key determinant of timeliness of earnings announcement, and investigate whether firms with bad news are announce the earnings news relatively late. We define the bad news as firms report quarterly earnings number which miss the three thresholds (zero earnings, previous year's earings, earnings forecasts). When the quarterly earnings number miss three threshold, we expect that quarterly earnings announcement would be delayed. We used quarterly data of firms that announce the quarterly earnings numbers either by voluntary or non voluntary from 2011 till 2015. According to a results, We could found facts that earnings announcements are significantly delayed when the quarterly earnings are negative, lower than previous year or lower than financial analysts' forecasts. This means that managers tried to avoid criticism from investors by delaying reporting bad news. This results support a good news early, bad news late hypothesis suggested by prior research (Givoly and Palmon, 1982; Chambers and Penman, 1984; Kross and Schroeder, 1984; Begley and Fischer, 1998; Bagnoli et al., 2002). In addition, We found the facts followings. First, firms that suffer a large pressure from the investors(larger trading volume, larger share ratio of foreign investors) has shorter reporting lag. Second, firms that has a large litigation risk(larger ratio of the outside director or technology incentive firm) has shorter reporting lag. Lastly, we found that the reporting lag of large firm is short, while that of high information asymmetry firm is long.

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