임란후 조일 국교 재개와 조명관계 (1)

Abstract

After the Battle of Noryang in November 1598, Japanese forces withdrew from Chosun, marking the end of the Imjin War. In January 1607, Chosun sent an official diplomatic mission to Japan, and in June 1609, trade relations with Tsushima Island were restored through the Treaty of Giyu. The normalization of relations between Chosun and Japan was not merely a return to the prewar state but was instead closely linked to the shifting international order in East Asia in the 17th century. While both domestic and international studies on the reestablishment of diplomatic relations have been abundant, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the process, including aspects that have been treated only briefly in previous research. In particular, this study focuses on the Chosun-Ming relationship during the normalization process. Specifically, it examines how Chosun sought to make use of the close relationship with Ming and what Ming’s stance was. This dynamic reveals significant changes within the Chosun-Ming relationship, and identifying the characteristics of each phase can enhance our understanding of the overall progression. This paper covers the initial phase of the process of restoring diplomatic relations, while the latter phase will be examined in a subsequent paper. Chronologically, it focuses on the period from December 1598 to June 1603, spanning about four years and six months. During this time, Tsushima continued to repatriate Ming military hostages and Korean prisoners while repeatedly requesting peace talk, but Chosun refrained from giving a definitive response. The primary reason was Chosun’s need to obtain Ming’s approval on all matters, especially regarding peace negotiations. Chosun aimed to prevent a Japanese reinvasion by the presence of Ming forces and continuously consulted with Ming regarding the peace talk. From the outset, however, Ming maintained a policy of non-involvement, implicitly allowing for a peace agreement between Chosun and Japan. Nevertheless, Chosun responded cautiously, concerned about the humiliation and potential additional demands that might arise from making peace with a former enemy.