제도변화의 통합적 접근: 신제도주의 하위 분파 간 통합적 접근의 가능성
An Integrated Approach of Institutional Change: A Possibilities of Integrated Approach Between the Three New Institutionalisms
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참고문헌
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초록
1990년대 이후 신제도주의가 사회과학 연구에서 풍미하고 있다. 초기 신제도주의에 대한 연구 경향은 신ㆍ구제도주의 간 비교가 주류를 이루었지만, 최근에는 이러한 정태적인 연구에서 벗어나서 신제도주의가 사회과학의 분과 학문에서 어떤 함의를 가지고 있는가에 대한 보다 체계적인 논의가 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 새로운 연구 경향 중 본 논문이 관심을 가지고 있는 것은 제도변화의 문제이다. 즉, "제도는 언제, 그리고 어떤 방식으로 변화하는가?"라는 문제에 대해 '하나의 답(one answer)'을 제시함으로써 제도변화라는 사회현상을 보다 체계적으로 접근하려는 데 본 논문의 연구목적이 있다. 이러한 연구목적을 위해 본 논문에서는 신제도주의의 하위 분파 간 통합적 접근을 제안하고 있다. 신제도주의의 하위 분파가 전통적으로 제시한 제도변화 모형만으로는 제도변화를 체계적으로 설명할 수 없기 때문이다. 이러한 맥락에서 최근에는 신제도주의의 하위 분파 간 통합적 접근을 하려는 일련의 연구 경향들이 있는데, '내생적 제도변화 이론'도 그러한 경향성을 반영한 이론 모형이다. 내생적 제도변화 이론은 그 내부에 다양한 관점들이 있고 그 설명방식도 전문적이고 복잡한 면이 있기는 하지만 공통된 결론은, 다른 사회현상과 마찬가지로 제도변화를 설명함에 있어서도 '구조와 행위', 또는 '거시와 미시'를 통합할 필요가 있다는 것이다. 이러한 맥락에서 본 논문에서는 제도변화를 설명함에 있어 환경적 맥락(거시)과 행위자의 전략적 선택(미시)을 모두 고려하는 '통합 모형'을 제시하고 있다. 통합 모형에서 환경은 제도에 직접적인 영향을 미치기도 하고(제도적 동형화), 행위자의 전략적 선택을 통해 간접적인 영향을 미치기도 한다. 환경의 행위자에 대한 영향은 '긍정적ㆍ부정적 환류의 고리'에서 볼 수 있는 것처럼, 제도변화를 위한 기회뿐만 아니라 제도변화를 제약하는 효과를 가지기도 한다. 그러나 환경이나 행위자의 제도에 대한 관계는 '일방향적 영향관계'가 아니라 '양방향적 영향관계'에 있다. 즉, 제도가 환경이나 행위자에 영향을 미쳐 향후 제도변화를 제약하기도 하는데, 여기에는 제도가 행위자의 선호를 바꾸는 '환류 효과'뿐만 아니라 제도가 정치의 지형을 바꿔 환경에 영향을 미치는 '제도의 유산'도 있다.
Abstract
Since the 1990s, new institutionalism have been spread in social science. Initial research on new institutionalism mainly tends to a careful comparison between the new and the old system, but in recent years attention away from these static comparisons, new institutionalism have any implications in the social science disciplines. Have an interest in these new research trends in this study is the problem of institutional change. That is to say, by answering the question like "when and how institutions change?", this study intends to review institutional change systematically. To achieve the purpose of this study, this study proposes an integrated approach of institutional change. In this context, a series of studies to an integrated approach between the three new institutionalisms have recently been spread, a theory of endogenous institutional change reflects these tendencies. Although a theory of endogenous institutional change is diverse and complicate, a common conclusion is that there is a need to integrate 'structure and agency' or 'macro-level and micro-level'. In this context, this study proposes 'an integrated model of institutional change' which considers an environmental contexts(macro-level) and a strategic choice of actor(micro-level) in explaining institutional change.
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