챗봇의 의인화가 기업과 고객의 관계가치에 미치는 영향 : 지각된 따뜻함과 유능함의 매개효과를 중심으로
The Effects on Humanized Chatbot on Customer-Firm Relational Value : Focusing on Mediating Role of Perceived Warmth and Competence
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초록
최근 들어 고객과의 상호작용을 위해 챗봇을 활용하는 기업들이 증가하고 있다. 챗봇은 유형적인 로봇과는 달리 실체적인 형체가 없기에, 챗봇의 무형성을 극복하기 위한 방법으로 의인화를 도입하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 고정관념내용모형을 적용하여 의인화된 챗봇에게도 마치 사람을 대하는 것과 같은 판단과 인식이 가능한지를 지각된 따뜻함과 유능함의 두 차원으로 살펴보고, 성별에 따른 고정관념이 의인화된 챗봇에게도 적용이 되는지를 검토하였다. 또한 챗봇의 의인화가 고객과 기업의 관계가치에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 쇼핑몰과 신용카드 서비스 업종을 선정하여 두 번의 실험을 통해 남성과 여성으로 의인화된 챗봇에 대한 고객들의 인식과 반응을 조사하였다. 실증분석에 사용된 유효표본은 각각 114명과 152명이었다. 분석결과, 의인화된 챗봇에 대해 사람들은 지각된 따뜻함과 유능함을 느끼는 것으로 나타났다(지각된 유능함: b= .350, p<.05, 지각된 따뜻함: b= .324, p<.01). 그러나 여성 챗봇에게는 지각된 따뜻함을, 남성 챗봇에게는 지각된 유능함이 더 높게 나타날 것으로 예상했던 성별에 따른 고정관념의 인식은 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 궁극적으로 챗봇의 의인화는 지각된 따뜻함과 유능함을 높이고, 기업과 고객의 관계가치에 직·간접적으로 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Recently, many companies have introduced chatbots to interact with customers, and are using anthropomorphic chatbots to overcome intangibility. In this study, we tried to examine whether an humanized chatbot can be evaluated like a human is possible in two dimensions: perceived warmth and competence, and whether stereotypes based on gender are applicable. In addition, we tried to examine the effects of humanized chatbots on the relationship value between customers and companies. For this purpose, two experiments(114, 152 samples each) were conducted for the shopping mall and credit card service industries. As a result of empirical analysis, it was found that customers felt perceived warmth and competence toward anthropomorphic chatbots(perceived competence: b= .350, p<.05, perceived warmth: b= .324, p<.01).However, there was no significant difference in the gender stereotypes of chatbots. Ultimately, it was found that the personification of chatbots increases perceived warmth and competence, and has a positive effect directly or indirectly on the value of the relationship between the company and the customer.
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