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AI 챗봇의 인간화 수준과 서비스 회복 전략이 고객 만족도에 미치는 효과 -AI 인지 여부와 감정 상태의 조절된 매개효과 분석-

The Effects of AI Chatbot Humanization and Service Recovery Strategies on Customer Satisfaction -Moderated Mediation Effects of AI Awareness and Emotional States-

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주제분류경영학

초록

[연구목적] 본 연구는 AI 챗봇의 인간화 수준과 서비스 회복 전략이 고객 만족도에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이 과정에서 감정 상태와 공정성 지각의 조절된 매개효과를 규명하고자 한다. 이를 통해 고객 경험 관리에서챗봇 설계와 서비스 회복 전략의 최적화를 위한 실무적·학문적 시사점을 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다. [연구방법] 본 연구는 두 가지 실험으로 구성된 2x2 집단 간 설계를 기반으로 진행되었다. 첫 번째 실험에서는 챗봇의 인간화 수준(인간화 vs. 비인간화)과 AI 인지 여부(인지함 vs. 인지하지 않음)가 고객 만족도에 미치는 상호작용 효과를 분석하였다. 두 번째 실험에서는 서비스 회복 전략(사과 중심 vs. 보상 중심)과 감정 상태(분노 vs. 실망)가 공정성 지각을 매개로 고객 만족도에 미치는 영향을 검증하였다. [연구결과] 첫 번째 실험에서는 인간화된 챗봇이 고객 만족도를 높이는 데 효과적이었으나, AI로 인지된 경우 이 효과가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 두 번째 실험에서는 서비스 회복 전략과 감정 상태의 상호작용이 공정성 지각을 매개로 만족도에 영향을 미쳤으며, 분노 상태에서는 사과 중심 전략이, 실망 상태에서는 보상 중심전략이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. [연구의 시사점] 본 연구는 챗봇 설계에서 인간화 요소와 AI 인지 여부의 균형을 맞추는 중요성을 강조하며, 서비스 회복 전략은 고객의 감정 상태를 고려한 맞춤형 접근이 필요함을 시사한다. 또한, 감정 상태가 공정성지각의 매개 효과를 조절한다는 점을 실증적으로 검증하여 고객 경험 관리 연구의 이론적 발전과 실무적 적용에 기여한다.

Abstract

[Purpose] This study aims to analyze the impact of AI chatbot humanization and service recovery strategies on customer satisfaction, focusing on the moderated mediation effects of emotional states and perceived justice. The study seeks to provide practical and theoretical implications for optimizing chatbot design and service recovery strategies in customer experience management. [Methodology] The study employs a 2x2 between-subject experimental design conducted through two separate experiments. The first experiment examines the interaction effects of chatbot humanization (humanized vs. non-humanized) and AI awareness (aware vs. unaware) on customer satisfaction. The second experiment investigates how service recovery strategies (apology-focused vs. compensation-focused) and emotional states (anger vs. disappointment) influence customer satisfaction through perceived justice, using the PROCESS macro. [Findings] In the first experiment, humanized chatbots were found to be more effective in enhancing customer satisfaction, although this effect diminished when customers perceived the chatbot as AI. The second experiment revealed that service recovery strategies interact with emotional states to influence satisfaction via perceived justice, with apology-focused strategies being more effective for anger and compensation-focused strategies for disappointment. [Implications] This study highlights the importance of balancing humanization and AI awareness in chatbot design while emphasizing the need for tailored service recovery strategies based on customers’ emotional states. Additionally, it empirically demonstrates the moderated mediation effects of emotional states on perceived justice, contributing to both the theoretical development and practical application of customer experience management research.

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