한국 중소제조기업의 혁신 중도포기에 대한 실증분석 : 혁신저해요인, 오픈이노베이션, 혁신보호방법을 중심으로
Innovation Abandonment by Korean Small- and Medium-Sized Manufacturing Firms : Innovation Impediments, Open Innovation, and Innovation Protection Mechanisms
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초록
대다수의 선행연구에서는 주로 혁신에서의 성공을 설명하는 데 많은 관심을 기울여왔다. 본 연구에서는 혁신에서의 실패에 초점을 맞추고, 어떤 조건에서 기업이 혁신 중도포기 결정을 하는지 실증적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구에서는 혁신 중도포기 결정과 연관될 수 있는 여러 가지 기업상의 특징들을 면밀히 살펴보고, 오픈이노베이션(open innovation)과 몰입상승 효과(escalation of commitment)의 관점에서 혁신 중도포기 결정을 설명한다. 방법론적으로는, 2015년부터 2017년까지 R&D 활동이 있는, 우리나라 산업 전반의 중소 제조기업 1,349개를 대상으로, 혁신 중도포기 결정 경험의 유무에 대해 로지스틱 회귀분석(logistic regression analysis)을 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 1) 제품혁신 협력개발 경험이 없고 2) 협력의 범위가 넓고 3) 외부탐색의 범위가 좁은 기업들일수록 혁신 중도포기 결정을 내린 경험이 있을 확률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 통상적인 혁신저해요인들은 예상과는 달리 혁신 중도포기 결정과 유의미한 연관성을 가지지 않았다. 통상적으로 중소 제조기업은 자원이 부족하여 혁신활동 실패로 인해 더 심각한 영향을 받을 수 있는데, 본 연구는 중소 제조기업의 혁신 중도포기 결정을 설명함으로써, 중소 제조기업의 혁신 방향 설정에 오픈이노베이션 활동의 정교한 전개가 도움을 줄 수 있다는 시사점을 도출하였다.
Abstract
While prior research has paid much attention to explaining the success of innovation, this study focuses on the failure of innovation and seeks to understand when firms abandon (discontinue) innovation activities. Specifically, this study draws from the literature on open innovation and escalation of commitment and examines potential firm-level correlates of the decision to abandon an innovation activity. Methodologically, this study employs an economy-wide dataset on 1,349 Korean small- and medium-sized manufacturing firms that are R&D active from 2015 through 2017 and estimates logistic regression models on whether or not these firms abandoned innovation activities in the sample period. The results suggest that the likelihood of the abandonment of innovation activities increases with 1) joint R&D for product innovation, 2) broader collaboration, and 3) narrower external search. However, the likelihood of abandonment is not related to impediments to innovation that are widely known in the innovation landscape. This study suggests that small- and medium-sized firms, which are more vulnerable to the negative consequences of innovation failures than large firms, may fine-tune their open innovation strategies, in order to manage commitment decisions in innovation.
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