인플레이션과 통화정책 : 비판적 검토
A Critical Review on Monetary Policy
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초록
우리나라 인플레이션율이 40년 만에 가장 높은 수준을 기록했다. 우리나라 인플레이션 상승 대부분은 수입물가 상승으로 설명된다. 하지만, 우리나라 정책 당국의 유일한 대응은 금리 인상, 즉 총수요 억제정책이다. 부동산 관련 민간부채가 유례없이 높고, 부동산 거품이 꺼지기 시작하는 시점에서, 금리 인상은 경제적 안정성을 크게 위협하는 위험한 도박이다. 이 글은 이러한 통화정책이 기반하는 ‘테일러 준칙’을 비판적으로 검토한다. 이를 통해 다음과 같은 결론을 내린다. 첫째, 테일러 준칙은 유일의 자연실업률 개념에 절대적으로 의존하지만, 이는 이론적으로나 실증적으로 입증된 적이 없는 허구적 개념이다. 둘째, 테일러 준칙은 인플레이션과 실업률을 관리하는데 무력하다. 왜냐하면, 필립스 곡선 또한 신뢰할 만한 근거가 없기 때문이다. 대안적으로, 이는 재정정책을 적극적으로 활용할 필요가 있음을 의미한다.
Abstract
The inflation rate in Korea reached the highest level in 40 years. Economic analyses have agreed that the major part of the rising prices can be attributable to higher prices of imports, which is decomposed into rising dollar prices of commodities and rising exchange rate of Korean currency. Paradoxically, however, the only policy response has been to raise policy interest rate to curb aggregate demand. The rate hike is a dangerous gamble that threatens economic stability, considering the facts that private debt connected to real estate is unprecedentedly high and the real estate bubble starts to burst. This paper This article critically reviews the 'Taylor Rule' on which current monetary policy bases and concludes that: first, Taylor's rule is based on the fictional concept of the unique natural rate of unemployment; second, Taylor's rule is helpless to manage inflation and unemployment, since Phillips Curve also has no realistic and credible basis in both theory and practice. Alternatively, it implies that it is urgently necessary to restore and utilize fiscal policy.
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