陸王 心學의 體系 比較

Abstract

Confucianism was hand down through the Han and Tang Dynasty, and reaching the Sung Dynasty, it went through so radical changes that the age was called ‘the Renaissance of Confucianism.’ During this period, ‘Sung Confucianism,’ which is called ‘the metaphysics of Confucian scriptures,’ was born of the combination ‘ontology’ and ‘axiology.’ In particular, Xiangshan Lu Jiu-Yuan studied Sung Confucianism in the form of family learning, and advanced a new philosophical system called ‘Mind Theory.’ The present study aimed at close illumination of Xiangshan Lu Jiu-Yuan’s Mind Theory and inquiry into his scholastic energy that preserved the theory until it reached Yangming Wang Shou-Ren in the Ming Dynasty. Accordingly, the primary objective of this study was to make comparative analysis of Xiangshan Lu Jiu-Yuan and Yangming Wang Shou-Ren, who are the two masters in Mind Theory or Yangming‘s Neo-Confucianism, focused on the structure of their philosophies. For this purpose, this study examined: ① the historical and geographical background of the rise of Xiangshan and Yangming; ② connection to Confucius’ philosophy, which is the philosophical origin of Xiangshan and Yangming; ③ the structure of the ‘Mind is reason’ idea professed by Xiangshan and Yangming out of their skepticism of Chushi’s Sung Confucianism and the fundamental difference between Chushi’s Reason Theory and Lu/Wang’s Mind Theory; and ④ the relation between the subject of perception and practice through comparison between Xiangshan’s ‘Erect the mind first’ and ‘Studying things’ and Yangming’s ‘Good knowledge’ and ‘Knowledge- Conduct Theory.’