癸未使行時의 筆談唱和와 大阪의 混沌社

Abstract

This paper is to show that the literary writing conversations between Korean and Japanese writers during the Kyemi Visit(癸未使行), the Korean envoy's visit in the year of Kyemi(1763～1764), had an influence over the establishment and prosperity of Kondon-sya(混沌社), an association of literary persons in the region of Knsai(關西). In spite of this paper's dealing with the influence of the Kyeme Visit on Kondon-sya, Kimura-sonsai(木村巽齋) and Kenkado(蒹葭堂)- Society were mentioned beforehand from the consideration of the fact that Kenkado-Society was the parent of Kondon-sya and that Kimura-sonsai, who was the leading exponent of Kenkado- Society, led the trend of Kondon-sya with Katayama Hokkai(片山北海). Kondon-sya was not found in any domestic literature before and after the Kyemi Visit. However, Kimura-sonsai and Kenkado Society were relatively detailed in the literary collections of Park Giwon(朴趾源), Lee Dukmoo(李德懋)etc., who corresponded with the writers of the Kyemi Visit. It was not only because Korean intellects had no more chance to get in contact with those from the region of Kansai as the envoy visit to Edo ended after the Kyemi Visit, but also because Korean visitors did not notice any difference between Kenkado Society and Kondon-sya as the members of Kenkado Society who shared literary writing conversations at the inn of Osaka during the Kyemi Visit led the establishment of Kondon-sya. This study tries to prove this assumption, taking note of the fact that Kimura-sonsai and his fellows sent some poetic writings ‘unprecedently’ through Sushima(對馬島) and Oyekwan(倭館), and considering that it had something to do with Kenkado Society's developmental disorganization and its launching Kondon-sya. That is why this study pays attention to the fact that Kenjou(顯常) and Kimura-sonsai sent poetic letters to Nam Ok(南玉) ‘unprecedently’ in May, 1766. The writers of the Kyemi Visit and the members of Kenkado Society shared the same respect toward the Jungjoo School(程朱學) and the same criticism toward the Syourai School(徂徠學). This study shows that the academic and ideological sameness spurred them to enter positively into literary exchanges by writing conversations, which eventually gave influence to the developmental disorganization of Kenkado Society and the establishment of Kondon-sya. It is already known that Shibanorithuzan(柴野栗山), Bitoujishu(尾藤二洲), Kogaseiri(古賀精里), etc were all respectful to the Jungjoo School and critical of the Syourai School, and led the Kansei(寬政) reform of the educational system, not to mention Naharoudo(那波魯堂), who participated most actively in the writing conversation and literary correspondence with Nam Ok during the Kyemi Visit. This study has yet to clarify whether the leading exponents of Kenkado Society communicated positively with the writers of the Kyemi Visit out of the same respect toward the Jungjoo School, or their contact with the writers of the Kyemi Visit escalated their criticism toward the Shourai School and their respect toward the Jungjoo School. It is not only the limitation in this study but also an important task to call for further studies.