파강(巴江) 김두남(金斗南)과 『양금신보』

Abstract

In this paper, the studies on Kim Tu-nam 金斗南 (his pen name: P'a-gang 巴江), the publisher of Yanggǔm sinbo 『梁琴新譜』 (Yang's New Kŏmun'go Manuscript) is presented, based on his biography, relationship with contemporaries, and his role as the publisher of Yanggǔm sinbo, the details of which have not been reported so far. As a civil official, Kim Tu-Nam was promoted up to Tongchi chungch'u pusa 同知中樞府事 (2nd rank in civil officials) after taking up several government posts, and posthumously conferred the minister of finance department. He enjoyed being associating with contemporary celebrities in the poetry contests and had profound knowledge of music. As a governor of Imsil 任實 County, he invited Yang Tǒk-su 梁德壽, a court musician from the neighboring Namwǒn 南原 for the compilation of T'aep'yǒng yubo 『太平遺譜』 in which only 7～8 slow scores were included, being selectively excerpted among old scores following the opinion of Yang Tǒk-su. Such a limited selection was due to the financial difficulties of Imsil Count, which finally became the kǒmun'go 거문고 i.e. hyŏn'gŭm 玄琴 melodies of Yanggǔm sinbo. The introduction of Yanggǔm sinbo contains Kǔmabu 琴雅部 and Hyǒn'gǔm hyangbu 玄琴鄕部 which seems to be the composition of Kim Tu-nam. Kim Tu-nam's profound knowledge of music is partly seen in the preface of Yanggǔm sinbo, where t'an'gǔm 彈琴, a poet of Yu Chang-gyŏng 劉長卿 (Liu Chang-qing in Chinese) is quoted, and confirmed by the facts that Yu Mong-in 柳夢寅 commented on his intimidate relation with Kim Tu-nam and also that Kim Tu-nam representatively recited Tŭngdŭng piece 登登曲 together with 30 youths from distinguished families in the national poetry contest held in 1588 (the 21st year of King Sǒnjo 宣祖). Therefore, it seems he was motivated and qualified enough to publish Yanggǔm sinbo in cooperation with Yang Tǒk-su, caring about the tradition of musical legacy after Japanese invasion of Korea in 1592. Kim Tu-nam published Yanggǔm sinbo based on wood block printing for distribution among contemporary lovers of music expecting close companionship with them, however, Yang Tǒk-su became famous as the popularization of Yanggǔm sinbo while the name of Kim Tu-nam was almost forgotten and never mentioned publicly. The reason seems to be the accidental omission of the final page of Yanggǔm sinbo in the process of printing or transcribing, where the publisher's name is written.