19세기 군영의 악기 신호 체계 연구 -『總衛營習操笏記』를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This study examines the military exercises and regulations on signal systems using instruments in the military of the late Chosŏn Dynasty through Pyŏnghakchinam (『兵學指南』) and Pyŏnghakt’ong (『兵學通』) and analyzes the actual military signaling examples by reviewing the content of Ch'ongwiyŏngsŭpchoholgi (『總衛營習操笏記』). The military exercise signaling procedures outlined in Pyŏnghakchinam and Pyŏnghakt’ong were largely similar to those in Ch'ongwiyŏngsŭpchoholgi, which confirmed the systematic nature of the signaling practice. The Hyŏngmyŏng (形名) system is detailed in the Kigojŏngbŏp (「旗鼓定法」) section of Pyŏnghakchinam, and instruments had their unique signal systems. A review of Ch'ongwiyŏngsŭpchoholgi revealed that signals using musical instruments were identified in 49 out of 53 sections, indicating the importance of instrumental signals in late Chosŏn military. In the 19th century barracks, Ch'wit'a (military music) was played by using the following musical instruments to signal military instructions: Hojŏk, Nabal, Para, Na, Ko, Solbal, and Kŭm. The signaling procedures in Ch'ongwiyŏngsŭpchoholgi were described in a more concise form compared to military manuals, which implies a shared understanding and consensus on the signaling system within the Chosŏn military. In summary, a partially standardized signaling system existed in the military of the Chosŏn Dynasty (after the Japanese invasion in 1592). The system was compiled and reorganized into military manuals in the mid-to-late 18th century, and the instrumental signal system was fully established in the 19th century.