함흥본궁의식』 소재 별대제 편성악기에 대한 고찰

Abstract

This paper researches the orchestration of Byeoldaeje (別大祭; special memorial rites) recorded in Hamheung Bon-gung Ceremony (咸興本宮儀式; The Royal Protocol of Hamheung Founder Palace Ceremony) published in 1795 (King Jeongjo 19). Hamheung Bon-gung Byeoldaeje used the Akhyun (樂懸; orchestra) which consists of 1 Yeonggo (楹鼓), 1 Seyogo (細腰鼓), 2 Chasujeok (叉手笛), 1 horizontal flute (橫笛), and 1 Haegeum (奚琴). It is difficult to identify the characteristics of Akhyun because the names of five musical instruments, except for Haegeum, are written in the names of ancient Chinese instruments or with their playing methods. Premising King Jeongjo's mention that musical instruments were used as Hyangakgi (鄕樂器) at Byeoldaeje and the rites system of Hamheung Bon-gung were defined as Wonmyo (原廟; royal family shrine), this study compared and analyzed the band of Byeoldaeje and the orchestra of Wonmyo in early Joseon also Akhyuns in Uigwes (儀軌; The Royal Protocols) published at the same time as Hamheung Bon-gung Ceremony. Consequently, Yeonggo is Gyobanggo (敎坊鼓) and Seyogo is Janggo (杖鼓), Chasujeok is Pilryu l (觱篥; Piri), and the horizontal flute is Daegeum (大笒). This kind of musical instrumental arrangement is recorded as “Samhyun (三絃 means three strings literally but the band consisted of 6 musical instruments during late Joseon)” in Hamheung Bon-gung Ceremony. As a result, the orchestration of Hamheung Bon-gung Byeoldaeje is the same as the musical instruments played by Seaksu (細樂手) who were musical soldiers belonging to the 5military camps in late Joseon. This is the counter-evidence that the orchestration of ceremonies in late Joseon was used flexibly according to the situation. In addition, it is presumed that the fiscal deficits forced Joseon to use Seaksu instead of hiring musicians.