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어머니와 보육교사에 대한 2세 영아의 애착 비교애착행동 및 사회적 상호작용을 중심으로

The Relationships between Attachment Behaviors and Social Interactions: A Comparison of 2-year-olds’ Attachments to Mothers and to Child Care Providers

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주제분류교육학

초록

본 연구에서는 종일보육을 받고 있는 2세 영아의 어머니와 보육교사에 대한 애착안정성과 애착행동을 비교하고, 이 두 애착관계가 보육시설에서 영아의 또래와 교사와의 사회적 상호작용에 어떠한 영향력을 갖는지를 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 종일보육을 받고 있는 취업모의 자녀로 24개월에서 36개월(평균 30.2개월)의 영아 100명과 어머니, 27명의 보육교사들이었다. 어머니와 보육교사에 대한 영아의 애착안정성 점수는 애착 Q-set를 사용하여 평가하였으며, 애착행동은 Peterson과 Moran(1995)이 애착 Q-set의 문항들을 5가지 하위문항으로 분류한 체계를 사용하였다. 또한 보육시설의 실내 자유놀이시간을 이용하여 각 아동당 하루 10분씩 4일 동안 40분간 또래 및 교사와의 상호작용을 관찰하였다. 연구결과 어머니와 보육교사에 대한 영아의 애착안정성 점수에는 차이가 없었으나 영아가 보이는 애착행동에서는 유의한 차이점과 유사점이 발견되었다. 영아들은 어머니에게 정서적으로 더욱 밀착되어 있었고 보육교사에게 더욱 순종하며 규칙에 따르는 것으로 나타났으나, 두 양육자 모두를 안전기반으로 사용하고 있었다. 또한 보육교사와의 애착관계는 보육시설에서의 또래와 보육교사와의 사회적 상호작용에 어머니와의 애착관계보다 더욱 영향력 있는 관계로 밝혀졌다.

Abstract

This study compares the attachment behaviors of 2-year-olds’ with their mothers and with their child care providers and examines the influence of each attachment relationship on the toddlers’ social interactions both with their peers and their child care providers in a child care center setting. One hundred children (mean age 30.2 months), their mothers, and 27 child care providers participated in this study. Attachment security was assessed with the Attachment Q-set.(Waters, 1987) Attachment behaviors are categorized as: compliance, fussy/difficult behavior, enjoys physical contact and affective sharing. Toddlers’ social interactions with peers and child care providers were rated every 10 seconds during in 10 minute observation periods for 4 days, resulting in a total of 40 minutes per child. This study reveals no significant differences in the toddlers’ attachment security scores with regard to mothers and child care providers. However, there are both similarities and differences between the toddlers’ attachment behaviors with their mothers and with their child care providers. The toddlers were emotionally more bonded to their mothers, but they were more compliant and less fussy with their child care providers. On the other hand, the toddlers used both their mothers and their child care providers as secure bases. In the childcare center context, toddlers’ secure attachments to their child care providers were more important determinants of social interactions than were their secure attachments to their mothers.

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