시선추적기를 활용한 유아의 정보그림책 읽기 패턴 분석: 읽기 흥미를 중심으로
Children’s information picture-book reading pattern by interests of reading: eye tracking study
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본 연구의 목적은 만 5, 6세의 유아의 정보그림책 읽기가 읽기 흥미 수준에 따라 차이가 있는지 밝히는 데 있으며, 시선추적기를 활용하여 그림책 읽기를 살펴보았다. 대구시에 거주하는 만 5세 유아 22명을 대상으로 하였으며, 시선추적분석 프로그램인 Tobii Pro Lap 1.145과 SPSS 25.0를 사 용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 정보그림책에서 유아들은 그림에 비해 글에 시선을 더 오래 고정(fixation)하여 읽은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 읽기 흥미가 높은 유아는 낮은 유아에 비해 그림 책의 글에 대한 시선을 고정하여 응시한 시간이 유의하게 짧았고, 시선 도약 속도(velocity of saccades)가 유의미하게 빨랐다. 이는 읽기 흥미가 높은 유아들은 글을 읽는 인지 활동 시간이 짧 고, 읽기 흥미가 낮은 유아들은 글을 읽는 인지 활동 시간이 길다고 해석할 수 있다. 또한, 읽기 흥미가 높은 유아들이 시선을 빠르게 이동하고, 적극적으로 그림책을 탐색하여 효율적인 글 읽기 를 했다는 것을 보여준다. 본 연구는 유아의 정보그림책 읽기에서 읽기 흥미 수준에 따른 읽기 차 이를 시선추적기를 활용하여 객관적이고 과학적인 방법으로 검증하려고 했다는 것에 의의가 있다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine how 5-year-old children read a information picture-book according to interests of reading, by utilizing eye-tracking devices. Research analysis was done using SPSS 25.0 and Tobii Pro Lap 1.145 program. The nonparametric statistical method of SPSS was used for Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test, and Heat-map analysis of Tobbii Pro Lap was performed. As a result of the study, first, it was found that children read information picture-books with their eyes fixed on the text longer than on the picture. This means that children mainly referred to writing rather than pictures. Second, children with high interests of reading spent a significantly shorter time staring at the text of the information picture-books than children with low interest did. This can be interpreted as that children with high reading interests have a shorter cognitive activity time to read, compared to the children with low reading interests. Third, children with high reading interests had a significantly faster velocity of saccades than children with low interests. This shows that children with high interests in reading quickly moved their eyes, actively explored information picture-books, and read efficiently. This study is meaningful in that it tried to verify the difference in reading according to the level of reading interests in reading information picture-books of children in an objective and scientific way using eye-tracking devices.
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