『밧티카뱌(Bhaṭṭikāvya)』의 카라카 관련 詩節(Kārakādhikara) 8.70-72의 분석·고찰
Illustrations of apādāna-kāraka by Bhaṭṭi in the Bhaṭṭikāvya
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초록
인도에는 문법 규칙들을 예증하는 문학작품들이 존재한다. 이러한 작품들은 후대에 카뱌 샤스트라(kāvya-śāstra)라고 불리게 되는데, 『밧티카뱌(Bhaṭṭikāvya)』는 그 선구라고 할 수 있는 시 작품이다. 시인이자 문법가인 밧티(Bhaṭṭi)가 대서사시 『라마야나(Rāmāyaṇa)』를 소재로 하여 ‘파니니문법(Aṣṭādhyāyī)을 예증하기 위한 목적’으로 저술한 이 작품은, 일종의 ‘문법학 용례집’이라고 할 수 있다. 저자는 22장 1600여송으로 이루어진 이 작품의 제8장 70-84송에서 P. 1.4.23-55에서 다루어지고 있는 6種의 카라카(kāraka)를 예증하고 있다. 문장에서 동사와 연결되어 동사의 의미를 완성시키도록 돕는 역할을 담당하는 카라카 중에서 가장 먼저 예증되고 있는 것은 아파다나 카라카(apādāna-kāraka)이다. 이것은 기본적으로 ‘분리’를 나타내며, 문장에서 표시되는 경우에는 ‘제5격 어미’를 취한다. ‘범어문장 이해’라는 큰 틀 속에서, 후대 문법가들에 의해 문법서로서의 권위를 인정받고 있는 이러한 ‘용례집’들에 대한 연구는 ‘파니니문법을 중축으로 한 고전범어’ 이해의 길잡이 역할을 담당할 것이다.
Abstract
Bhaṭṭi’s poem is a prominent Mahā-kāvya in the history of Sanskrit literature. The source of this work is the Rāmāyaṇa. Bhaṭṭi has avoided the detailed descriptions and the inter-related stories which are to be found in the Rāmāyaṇa. He reduced this work to about 1600 verses. It’s original name is Rāvaṇa-vadha, but well known as Bhaṭṭi-kāvya. Bhaṭṭi did not compose his work with the intention of presenting Rāma’s legend, but also to illustrate grammatical and poetic rules. The latter is the main object of him. His intense knowledge of grammar can be observed from the fact that he not only made an effort to blend grammar with his Mahā-kāvya without destroying the spirit of the latter but also became an authority in the field of grammar. He is frequently quoted by later grammarians as an authority on the controversial grammatical usages. So it considered as the most famous Kāvya-śāstra. The Bhaṭṭi-kāvya is divided in four kāṇḍas. Those are the prakīrṇa, adhikāra, prasanna, tiṅanta kāṇḍas. In this paper, I examined kāraka, expecially apādāna-kāraka which express the meaning of ‘ablative’ in the sentence, and takes ‘pañcamī’, illustrated in the Adhikāra-kāṇḍa(Chapter 8).
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